Laboratwari ya laseramakuru y'umutekano
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n'iterambere rikomeje ry'inganda zikora laser,ikoranabuhanga rya laserByabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, inganda n’ubuzima. Ku bantu bakora umwuga w’amashanyarazi akoresha itara, umutekano wa itara ufitanye isano rya bugufi na laboratwari, ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo, kandi kwirinda kwangiza itara byabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane.
A. Urwego rw'umutekano rwalaser
Icyiciro cya 1
1. Icyiciro cya 1: Ingufu za laser < 0.5mW. Laser yizewe.
2. Icyiciro cya 1M: Nta kibazo kiri mu ikoreshwa risanzwe. Mu gihe ukoresha indorerwamo z'amaso nka telesikope cyangwa indorerwamo nto zikuza, hazabaho ibyago birenga urugero rw'icyiciro cya 1.
Icyiciro cya 2
1, Icyiciro cya 2: imbaraga za laser ≤1mW. Guhita uhura nabyo mu gihe kiri munsi ya 0.25s ni byiza, ariko kubireba igihe kirekire bishobora guteza akaga.
2, Icyiciro cya 2M: gusa ku maso y'umuntu uri munsi ya 0.25s, imirasire y'ako kanya nta kibazo ifite, iyo hakoreshejwe telesikope cyangwa ikirahure gito gikuza ibintu n'ibindi bireba amaso, hazabaho ingaruka zirenze urugero rw'ingaruka za Class2.
Icyiciro cya 3
1, Icyiciro cya 3R: imbaraga za laser 1mW ~ 5mW. Iyo igaragaye igihe gito gusa, ijisho ry'umuntu rizagira uruhare runaka mu kurinda urumuri, ariko niba akadomo k'urumuri kinjiye mu jisho ry'umuntu iyo kari kibanze, kazangiza ijisho ry'umuntu.
2, Icyiciro cya 3B: imbaraga za laser 5mW ~ 500mW. Niba ishobora kwangiza amaso iyo urebye cyangwa ureba, muri rusange ni byiza kureba reflection ikwirakwira, kandi ni byiza kwambara indorerwamo zo kurinda laser iyo ukoresha urwo rwego rwa laser.
Icyiciro cya 4
Ingufu za laser: > 500mW. Ni mbi ku maso no ku ruhu, ariko kandi ishobora kwangiza ibikoresho biri hafi ya laser, igatwika ibintu bishya, kandi igakenera kwambara indorerwamo za laser mu gihe ukoresha urwo rwego rwa laser.
B. Kwangiza no kurinda amaso hakoreshejwe laser
Amaso ni yo gice cy’umubiri w’umuntu gishobora kwibasirwa cyane no kwangirika kwa laser. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z’ibinyabuzima za laser zishobora kwiyongera, nubwo kugaragara rimwe gusa bitangiza, ariko kugaragara inshuro nyinshi bishobora kwangiza, abahuye n’ikibazo cyo kugaragara kenshi muri laser akenshi nta mpungenge zigaragara bagira, ahubwo bumva gusa ko kureba buhoro buhoro kugabanuka.Itara rya laserItwikira uburebure bwose bw'urumuri kuva kuri ultraviolet ikabije kugeza kuri infrared iremereye. Indorerwamo zirinda laser ni ubwoko bw'indorerwamo zidasanzwe zishobora gukumira cyangwa kugabanya kwangirika kwa laser ku jisho ry'umuntu, kandi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwa laser.
C. Ni gute wahitamo indorerwamo za laser zikwiye?
1, rinda umugozi wa laser
Menya niba ushaka kurinda uburebure bumwe gusa cyangwa uburebure bwinshi icyarimwe. Indorerwamo nyinshi zirinda uburebure bwa laser zishobora kurinda uburebure bumwe cyangwa bwinshi icyarimwe, kandi uburebure butandukanye bushobora guhitamo indorerwamo zitandukanye zirinda uburebure bwa laser.
2, OD: ubucucike bw'amajwi (agaciro k'uburinzi bwa laser), T: uburyo umugozi w'uburinzi uhererekanywa
Indorerwamo zo kurinda indorerwamo za laser zishobora kugabanywamo urwego rwa OD1+ kugeza kuri OD7+ hakurikijwe urwego rw'uburinzi (uko agaciro ka OD kaba kari hejuru, niko umutekano uba mwinshi). Mu guhitamo, tugomba kwita ku gaciro ka OD kagaragajwe kuri buri kirahuri, kandi ntidushobora gusimbuza ibikoresho byose birinda indorerwamo za laser n'indorerwamo imwe irinda.
3, VLT: uburyo urumuri rugaragara (urumuri rwo mu kirere)
"Ihererekanya ry'urumuri rigaragara" akenshi ni kimwe mu bipimo byoroshye kwirengagizwa mu guhitamo indorerwamo zirinda urumuri hakoreshejwe laser. Mu gihe ufunga laser, indorerwamo irinda urumuri ifite laser izafunga igice cy'urumuri rugaragara, bigira ingaruka ku kureba. Hitamo urumuri rugaragara cyane (nka VLT> 50%) kugira ngo worohereze kureba mu buryo butaziguye ibintu bikorerwa mu igerageza rya laser cyangwa gutunganya laser; Hitamo urumuri rugaragara ruke, rukwiriye urumuri rugaragara ni ibihe bikomeye cyane.
Icyitonderwa: Ijisho ry'ukoresha laser ntirishobora kwerekezwa ku muriro wa laser cyangwa ku rumuri rwayo rugaragara, nubwo kwambara indorerwamo irinda laser bitashobora kureba neza kuri uwo muriro (ureba icyerekezo cy'ibyuka bya laser).
D. Izindi ngamba zo kwirinda no kwirinda
Ishusho ya laser
1, iyo bakoresha laser, abagerageza bagomba gukuraho ibintu bifite ubuso bugarura urumuri (nk'amasaha, impeta n'ibirango, nibindi, ni amasoko akomeye yo kugaragaza urumuri) kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika guterwa n'urumuri rugarura urumuri.
2, umwenda wa laser, uburyo bwo gufunga urumuri, uburyo bwo gukusanya imirasire, nibindi, bishobora gukumira ikwirakwira rya laser no kugaruka k'urumuri. Ubwirinzi bw'umutekano bwa laser bushobora gufunga igiti cya laser mu rugero runaka, no kugenzura uburyo laser inyura mu burinzi bw'umutekano bwa laser kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa laser.
E. Gushyira no kugenzura hakoreshejwe laser
1, ku murasire wa laser ya infrared, ultraviolet itagaragara ku jisho ry'umuntu, ntutekereze ko kunanirwa kwa laser no kwitegereza, kwitegereza, gushyira no kugenzura amaso bigomba gukoresha ikarita yo kwerekana ya infrared/ultraviolet cyangwa igikoresho cyo kwitegereza.
2, ku bijyanye n'umusaruro wa fibre uhujwe n'imashini ya laser, igerageza rya fibre rikozwe mu ntoki, ntabwo rizagira ingaruka gusa ku bisubizo by'igerageza no ku kudahinduka, aho rishyirwa cyangwa gushwanyagurika nabi bitewe no kwimuka kwa fibre, icyerekezo cyo gusohoka cya laser icyarimwe kigenda gihinduka, bizanateza ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano ku bagerageza. Gukoresha agace k'imashini ya fibre kugira ngo bakosore fibre y'amashanyarazi ntibinongera gusa kudahungabana, ahubwo binatuma igerageza rikomeza umutekano ku rugero runini.
F. Irinde akaga n'igihombo
1. Birabujijwe gushyira ibintu bishobora gushya n'ibiturika mu nzira laser inyuramo.
2, imbaraga zo hejuru za laser ikoresha pulse ni nyinshi cyane, bishobora kwangiza ibice by'igerageza. Nyuma yo kwemeza urugero rw'ibice birwanya kwangirika, igerageza rishobora kwirinda igihombo kidakenewe mbere y'igihe.