Iterambere muburyo bukabije bwa ultraviolet tekinoroji yumucyo

Iterambere muri ultraviolet ikabijetekinoroji yumucyo

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ultraviolet ikabije cyane ihuza abantu benshi yakunze kwitabwaho cyane mubijyanye ningufu za electron bitewe nubufatanye bukomeye, igihe gito cya pulse ningufu za fotone nyinshi, kandi byakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi butandukanye bwerekana amashusho. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibiisoko yumucyoiratera imbere igana inshuro nyinshi zisubiramo, fotone yo hejuru, ingufu za fotone nini n'ubugari bugufi. Iri terambere ntirishobora gusa gukemura ibipimo byo gupima urumuri rukabije rwa ultraviolet, ariko kandi rutanga uburyo bushya bwogutezimbere iterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no gusobanukirwa inshuro nyinshi zisubiramo inshuro nyinshi ultraviolet yumucyo utanga isoko ningirakamaro cyane mukumenya no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Kubipimo bya elegitoroniki ya sprosroscopi kumunzani wa femtosekond hamwe nigihe cya attosekond, umubare wibyabaye byapimwe mumurongo umwe akenshi ntibihagije, bigatuma urumuri ruke rwumucyo rudahagije kugirango ubone imibare yizewe. Muri icyo gihe, isoko yumucyo hamwe na fotone nkeya bizagabanya igipimo cyerekana-urusaku rwerekana amashusho ya microscopique mugihe gito cyo kwerekana. Binyuze mubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi buhoraho, abashakashatsi bagize byinshi bahindura muburyo bwo kongera umusaruro no gukwirakwiza uburyo bwo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi urumuri rukabije rwa ultraviolet. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo gusesengura ibintu hamwe no gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi cyane ultraviolet yumucyo wakoreshejwe kugirango ugere ku bipimo bihanitse byerekana imiterere yibikoresho hamwe na electronique ikora.

Gushyira mu bikorwa urumuri rukabije rwa ultraviolet, nk'ibipimo bya elegitoroniki byakemuwe na elegitoronike (ARPES), bisaba urumuri rw'urumuri rukabije rwa ultraviolet kugira ngo rumurikire icyitegererezo. Electron ziri hejuru yicyitegererezo zishimiwe nuburyo bukomeza n’umucyo ukabije wa ultraviolet, kandi ingufu za kinetic nogusohora Inguni ya fotoelektrone ikubiyemo amakuru yimiterere yicyitegererezo. Isesengura rya elegitoronike rifite imikorere ya Angle yakira ifoto ya elegitoronike irasa kandi ikabona imiterere ya bande hafi ya valence band ya sample. Kubisubiramo bike bikabije ultraviolet yumucyo uturuka, kubera ko impiswi imwe imwe irimo umubare munini wa fotone, bizashimisha umubare munini wamafoto ya elegitoronike hejuru yicyitegererezo mugihe gito, kandi imikoranire ya Coulomb izazana kwaguka gukabije kwikwirakwizwa. ya fotoelectron kinetic ingufu, aribyo bita ingaruka zumwanya. Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zingaruka zumwanya, birakenewe kugabanya fotoelectron ikubiye muri buri pulse mugihe ikomeza fotone ihoraho, birakenewe rero gutwaralaserhamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo gusubiramo kugirango zitange ultraviolet yumucyo ukabije hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo gusubiramo.

Resonance yongerewe ubumenyi bwa cavity ikora ibisekuruza byurwego rwohejuru ruhuza MHz gusubiramo inshuro
Kugirango tubone urumuri rukabije rwa ultraviolet rufite igipimo cyo gusubiramo kigera kuri 60 MHz, itsinda rya Jones muri kaminuza y’Ubwongereza ya Columbiya mu Bwongereza ryakoze ibisekuruza bihanitse mu gisekuru cya femtosekond resonance yo mu cyuho (fsEC) kugira ngo bigere ku bikorwa bifatika ultraviolet yumucyo ukabije kandi uyishyira mubikorwa byakemuwe mugihe cya elegitoroniki ikemura (Tr-ARPES). Inkomoko yumucyo irashobora gutanga fotone ya numero irenga 1011 ya foton kumasegonda hamwe nisano imwe mugusubiramo 60 MHz murwego rwingufu za 8 kugeza 40 eV. Bakoresheje sisitemu ya ytterbium-fibre fibre laser nkisoko yimbuto ya fsEC, kandi bagenzura ibiranga impiswi binyuze mumashusho yabigenewe ya laser kugirango bagabanye urusaku rwabatwara ibahasha ya offset inshuro nyinshi (fCEO) kandi bagumya kuranga impyisi nziza kumpera yumunyururu wa amplifier. Kugirango bagere kuri resonance itajegajega muri fsEC, bakoresha imirongo itatu yo kugenzura servo kugirango bagenzure ibitekerezo, bikavamo guhagarara neza kuri dogere ebyiri zubwisanzure: igihe cyurugendo rwo kuzenguruka kumagare yamagare muri fsEC gihuye nigihe cya laser pulse, hamwe nigihe cyo guhinduranya icyiciro. y'umuriro w'amashanyarazi kubijyanye n'ibahasha ya pulse (ni ukuvuga icyiciro cy'ibahasha itwara, ϕCEO).

Mugukoresha gaze ya krypton nka gaze ikora, itsinda ryubushakashatsi ryageze kubyara ibisekuru bihuza neza muri fsEC. Bakoze ibipimo bya Tr-ARPES ya grafite kandi bareba ubushyuhe bwihuse ndetse no kongera kwiyongera buhoro buhoro bwabaturage ba elegitoroniki badashushe cyane, hamwe nimbaraga za leta zidashushe cyane hafi yurwego rwa Fermi hejuru ya 0,6 eV. Inkomoko yumucyo itanga igikoresho cyingenzi cyo kwiga imiterere ya elegitoroniki yibikoresho bigoye. Ariko, ibisekuruza byurwego ruhanitse bihuza muri fsEC bifite byinshi bisabwa kugirango umuntu agaragaze, indishyi zikwirakwizwa, guhindura neza uburebure bwa cavity hamwe no gufunga syncronisation, ibyo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumyororokere myinshi ya cavance yongerewe imbaraga. Muri icyo gihe, icyiciro kitari umurongo igisubizo cya plasma kumwanya wibanze wa cavit nacyo ni ikibazo. Kubwibyo, kuri ubu, ubu bwoko bwumucyo ntabwo bwahindutse ultravioletisoko yumucyo mwinshi.