Impanuka ya Attosecond ihishura amabanga yo gutinda

Indwara ya Attosecondguhishura amabanga yo gutinda
Abahanga bo muri Amerika, babifashijwemo na pulse ya attosecond, bagaragaje amakuru mashya yerekeyeingaruka z'amashanyarazi: iimyuka yangizagutinda bigera kuri 700 attosecond, birebire cyane kuruta uko byari byitezwe mbere. Ubu bushakashatsi buheruka guhangana nuburyo bugezweho kandi bugira uruhare mu gusobanukirwa byimbitse imikoranire ya electron, biganisha ku iterambere ryikoranabuhanga nka semiconductor na selile izuba.
Ingaruka yifoto yerekana ibintu byerekana ko iyo urumuri rumurikira kuri molekile cyangwa atome hejuru yicyuma, foton ikorana na molekile cyangwa atom ikarekura electron. Izi ngaruka ntabwo arimwe mumfatiro zingenzi zubukanishi bwa kwant, ariko kandi zigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri fiziki ya kijyambere, chimie nibikoresho bya siyansi. Ariko, muriki gice, icyitwa gutinda kwifotoza cyabaye ikibazo kitavugwaho rumwe, kandi moderi zitandukanye zerekana ko zabisobanuye kurwego rutandukanye, ariko nta bwumvikane bumwe bwashyizweho.
Nkuko urwego rwa siyanse ya attosecond rwateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize, iki gikoresho kigaragara gitanga inzira itigeze ibaho yo gucukumbura isi ya microscopique. Mugupima neza ibyabaye bibaho kumunzani mugufi cyane, abashakashatsi barashobora kubona amakuru menshi kubyerekeye imyitwarire yingirakamaro yibice. Mu bushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa, bakoresheje urukurikirane rwimbaraga nyinshi za X-ray zakozwe nisoko yumucyo uhuza ikigo cya Stanford Linac Centre (SLAC), cyamaze miliyari imwe gusa yisegonda (attosecond), kugirango ionize electron yibanze kandi "Kwirukana" muri molekile yishimye.
Kugirango turusheho gusesengura inzira za electron zasohotse, bakoresheje bishimye kugiti cyabolaser pulsesgupima ibihe byohereza za electron mubyerekezo bitandukanye. Ubu buryo bwabemereye kubara neza itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yigihe gitandukanye cyatewe n’imikoranire hagati ya electron, yemeza ko gutinda bishobora kugera kuri attosecond 700. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko uku kuvumbura kutemeza gusa hypotheses zabanjirije iyi, ariko kandi bitera kwibaza ibibazo bishya, bigatuma ibitekerezo bifatika bigomba kongera gusuzumwa no gusubirwamo.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza akamaro ko gupima no gusobanura ibi gutinda kwigihe, nibyingenzi mugusobanukirwa ibisubizo byubushakashatsi. Muri poroteyine ya kristu yerekana amashusho, amashusho yubuvuzi, nibindi bikorwa byingenzi bifitanye isano n’imikoranire ya X-X n’ibintu, aya makuru azaba ishingiro ryingenzi ryo kunoza uburyo bwa tekiniki no kuzamura ireme ry’amashusho. Niyo mpamvu, itsinda rirateganya gukomeza gushakisha imbaraga za elegitoronike yubwoko butandukanye bwa molekile kugirango hagaragazwe amakuru mashya yerekeye imyitwarire ya elegitoronike muri sisitemu igoye ndetse n’umubano wabo n’imiterere ya molekile, hashyirwaho urufatiro rukomeye rwamakuru kugira ngo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye ejo hazaza.