Ihame nuburyo bugezweho bwa fotodetekeri ya avalanche (APD Photodetector) Igice cya mbere

Abstract: Imiterere shingiro nihame ryakazi rya avalanche Photodetector (APD ifotora.

1. Intangiriro
Photodetector ni igikoresho gihindura ibimenyetso byumucyo mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi. Muri aicyuma gifata amashanyarazi, itwara ryakozwe nifoto ryashimishijwe nibyabaye foton yinjira mumuzunguruko wo hanze munsi ya bias voltage ikoreshwa kandi ikora fotokore yapimye. Ndetse no mubisubizo ntarengwa, Photodiode ya PIN irashobora kubyara gusa ibice bibiri bya elegitoroniki-umwobo, ni igikoresho kidafite inyungu zimbere. Kubisubizo byinshi, Photodiode ya avalanche (APD) irashobora gukoreshwa. Ingaruka ya amplification ya APD kuri Photocurrent ishingiye ku ngaruka zo kugongana. Mubihe bimwe, electroni yihuta hamwe nu mwobo birashobora kubona imbaraga zihagije zo kugongana na lattike kugirango habeho ibice bishya bya electron-umwobo. Iyi nzira ni urunigi rwerekana, kuburyo ibice byombi bya elegitoroniki-byobo biterwa no kwinjiza urumuri bishobora kubyara umubare munini wa elegitoroniki-mwobo kandi bigakora ifoto nini ya kabiri. Kubwibyo, APD ifite ubushake buke ninyungu zimbere, zitezimbere igipimo cy-urusaku rwibikoresho. APD izakoreshwa cyane cyane intera ndende cyangwa ntoya ya optique ya fibre itumanaho hamwe nizindi mbogamizi ku mbaraga za optique yakiriwe. Kugeza ubu, abahanga benshi mu bikoresho bya optique bafite icyizere cyinshi ku byerekeranye na APD, kandi bemeza ko ubushakashatsi bwa APD ari ngombwa kugira ngo irushanwa mpuzamahanga rihiganwa mu nzego zijyanye.

2. Gutezimbere tekinike yaifoto ya avalanche(APD ifotora)

2.1 Ibikoresho
(1)Si Photodetector
Si ibikoresho bya tekinoroji ni tekinoroji ikuze ikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye na mikorobe, ariko ntibikwiriye gutegurwa ibikoresho muburebure bwumurambararo wa 1.31mm na 1.55mm byemewe muri rusange mubijyanye n'itumanaho ryiza.

(2) Ge
Nubwo igisubizo cyerekanwa cya Ge APD gikwiranye nibisabwa gutakaza igihombo gito no gutatana muke mugukwirakwiza fibre optique, hariho ingorane zikomeye mugutegura. Mubyongeyeho, igipimo cya elegitoroniki ya Ge na igipimo cya ionisiyoneri kiri hafi ya () 1, biragoye rero gutegura ibikoresho bya APD bikora neza.

(3) Muri0.53Ga0.47As / InP
Nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo In0.53Ga0.47Nkuko urwego rwo kwinjiza urumuri rwa APD na InP nkigice cyo kugwiza. Impinga yo kwinjiza ya In0.53Ga0.47Nkuko ibikoresho ari 1.65mm, 1.31mm, 1.55mm z'uburebure bwa metero zigera kuri 104cm-1 zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibyo bikaba aribintu byatoranijwe kugirango umuntu yinjire mu mucyo muri iki gihe.

(4)InGaAs Photodetector/ Murigufotora
Muguhitamo InGaAsP nkurwego rukurura urumuri na InP nkigice cyo kugwiza, APD hamwe nuburebure bwumurambararo wa 1-1.4mm, kwinshi kwinshi, kwijimye kwijimye hamwe ninyungu nyinshi za avalanche zirashobora gutegurwa. Muguhitamo ibice bitandukanye bivanze, imikorere myiza yuburebure bwihariye iragerwaho.

(5) InGaAs / InAlAs
Muri0.52Al0.48Nkuko ibikoresho bifite icyuho cya bande (1.47eV) kandi ntigishobora kwinjirira muburebure bwa 1.55mm. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko in0.52Al0.48Nkuko epitaxial layer ishobora kubona inyungu nziza kurenza InP nkigice cyo kugwiza ibintu byatewe no guterwa na electron.

(6) InGaAs / InGaAs (P) / InAlAs na InGaAs / Muri (Al) GaAs / InAlAs
Ingaruka ionisiyoneri yibikoresho ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumikorere ya APD. Ibisubizo byerekana ko igipimo cyo kugongana ionisiyoneri yo kugwiza gishobora kunozwa mugutangiza InGaAs (P) / InAlAs no Muri (Al) GaAs / InAlAs superlattice. Ukoresheje imiterere ya superlattice, ubwubatsi bwa bande burashobora kugenzura muburyo bwubukorikori bwa asimmetric band edge guhagarara hagati yumurongo wogutwara nindangagaciro za bande, kandi ukemeza ko guhagarika imiyoboro ihagaze ari nini cyane kuruta guhagarika umurongo wa valence (ΔEc >> ΔEv). Ugereranije nibikoresho byinshi bya InGaAs, InGaAs / InAlAs kwantumumiza neza electron ionisiyoneri (a) yiyongereye cyane, kandi electron nu mwobo byongera ingufu zidasanzwe. Bitewe na ΔEc >> ΔEv, birashoboka ko ingufu zunguka na electron zongera igipimo cya ionisiyoneri ya electron cyane kuruta uruhare rwingufu zumwobo mukigereranyo cya ionisiyoneri (b). Ikigereranyo (k) cya electron ionisation igipimo cya ionisiyoneri yiyongera. Kubwibyo, inyungu-yumurongo mwinshi (GBW) hamwe n urusaku ruke rushobora kuboneka ukoresheje ibikoresho bya superlattice. Nyamara, iyi InGaAs / InAlAs kwant kwubaka imiterere APD, ishobora kongera k agaciro, biragoye gushira mubikorwa byakira neza. Ibi ni ukubera ko ibintu bigwiza bigira ingaruka ku busubizo ntarengwa bigarukira ku mwijima w'icuraburindi, ntabwo urusaku rugwira. Muri iyi miterere, umuyoboro wijimye uterwa ahanini ningaruka zo gutobora neza kumurongo wa InGaAs ufite intera ntoya, bityo rero hakaba hashyizweho intera nini yagutse ya quaternary, nka InGaAsP cyangwa InAlGaAs, aho kuba InGaAs nkurwego rwiriba. ya kwant neza imiterere irashobora guhagarika umwijima wijimye.