Incamake: Imiterere y'ibanze n'ihame ry'imikorere y'icyuma gipima inkombe (avalanche photodetector)APD ipima foto) zirashyirwa ahagaragara, inzira y'ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'igikoresho irasesengurwa, ubushakashatsi bugeze ubu busobanuro, kandi iterambere rya APD mu gihe kizaza rigasuzumwa mu buryo bw'ibanze.
1. Intangiriro
Igikoresho cyo gupima urumuri ni igikoresho gihindura ibimenyetso by'urumuri mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi.icyuma gipima foto cya semiconductor, icyuma gifatwa n'amafoto cyatewe n'impanuka cyinjira mu ruziga rwo hanze munsi y'umuvuduko wa bias ukoreshwa maze kigakora umuvuduko wa photocurrent upimika. Ndetse no ku buryo bworoshye bwo gusubiza, PIN photodiode ishobora gukora gusa ebyiri z'ibice bibiri bya electron-hole, ari byo bikoresho bidafite inyungu imbere. Kugira ngo birusheho gusubiza neza, photodiode ya avalanche (APD) irashobora gukoreshwa. Ingaruka zo kongera imbaraga za APD ku muvuduko wa photocurrent zishingiye ku ngaruka za ionization collision. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, electron n'imyobo byihuta bishobora kubona ingufu zihagije zo guhura n'urumuri kugira ngo bikore ebyiri nshya z'ibice bibiri bya electron-hole. Iyi nzira ni uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa, ku buryo ebyiri z'ibice bibiri bya electron-hole bikomoka ku gukurura urumuri zishobora gukora umubare munini w'ibice bibiri bya electron-hole kandi bigakora umuvuduko munini wa photocurrent. Kubwibyo, APD ifite ubushobozi bwo gusubiza neza no kwiyongera imbere, ibi bikaba byongera ikigereranyo cy'urusaku rw'igikoresho. APD izakoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu ndende cyangwa ntoya z'itumanaho rya fibre optique hamwe n'izindi mbogamizi ku mbaraga z'urumuri zakiriwe. Muri iki gihe, impuguke nyinshi mu byuma bikoresha urumuri zifite icyizere gikomeye ku bijyanye n’amahirwe ya APD, kandi zizera ko ubushakashatsi kuri APD ari ngombwa kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi mpuzamahanga bwo guhangana n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano.
2. Iterambere rya tekiniki ryaicyuma gipima imiterere y'inkangu(APD fotodecteur)
2.1 Ibikoresho
(1)Si fotodecteur
Ikoranabuhanga rya Si material ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga riciriritse, ariko ntirikwiriye mu gutegura ibikoresho biri mu rugero rw'uburebure bwa 1.31mm na 1.55mm byemewe muri rusange mu bijyanye n'itumanaho ry'amajwi.
(2) Ge
Nubwo uburyo bwa Ge APD bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bwa spectral bujyanye n'ibikenewe kugira ngo habeho igihombo gito no gukwirakwira guke mu ihererekanya rya fibre optique, hari ingorane nyinshi mu gutegura. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya Ge cya electron na hole ionization rate kiri hafi ya () 1, bityo biragoye gutegura ibikoresho bya APD bikora neza.
(3)Muri 0.53Ga0.47As/InP
Ni uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo In0.53Ga0.47 Nk’urwego rufata urumuri rwa APD na InP nk’urwego rugabanya urumuri. Agaciro k’ibikoresho bya In0.53Ga0.47As ni 1.65mm, uburebure bwa 1.31mm, 1.55mm ni hafi 104cm-1 high absorption coefficient, ari na byo bikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu rwego rufata urumuri muri iki gihe.
(4)InGaAs foto detector/Muriicyuma gipima foto
Mu guhitamo InGaAsP nk'urwego rufata urumuri na InP nk'urwego rugabanya, APD ifite uburebure bw'umurambararo bwa mm 1-1.4, ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kwantumu, umuyoboro muke w'umwijima n'ubwiyongere bwinshi bw'inkangu bishobora gutegurwa. Mu guhitamo ibice bitandukanye by'aloyi, imikorere myiza ku burebure bw'umurambararo runaka iragerwaho.
(5)InGaAs/InAlAs
In0.52Al0.48As ibikoresho bifite icyuho cy'umugozi (1.47eV) kandi ntibifata ku rugero rw'uburebure bwa mm 1.55. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko urwego rwo hasi rwa In0.52Al0.48As epitaxial rushobora kubona imiterere myiza yo kwiyongera kurusha InP nk'urwego rwo gukuba inshuro nyinshi mu gihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera electron gusa.
(6)InGaAs/InGaAs (P) /InAlAs na InGaAs/In (Al) GaAs/InAlAs
Igipimo cy’ingaruka za ionization y’ibikoresho ni ikintu cy’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya APD. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko igipimo cya ionization y’aho ibintu bihurira gishobora kunozwa hakoreshejwe imiterere ya InGaAs (P) /InAlAs na In (Al) GaAs/InAlAs superlattice. Binyuze mu gukoresha imiterere ya superlattice, ikoranabuhanga ry’umugozi rishobora kugenzura mu buryo bw’ubukorikori itandukanyirizo ry’umugozi ritaringaniye hagati y’umugozi w’amashanyarazi n’agaciro k’umugozi w’amashanyarazi, kandi rikemeza ko itandukanyirizo ry’umugozi w’amashanyarazi ari rinini cyane kuruta itandukanyirizo ry’umugozi w’amashanyarazi (ΔEc>>ΔEv). Ugereranyije n’ibikoresho byinshi bya InGaAs, igipimo cya ionization ya electron ya InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well (a) kiriyongera cyane, kandi electron n’imyobo bibona ingufu ziyongera. Bitewe na ΔEc>>ΔEv, birumvikana ko ingufu zinjizwa na electron zongera igipimo cya ionization ya electron cyane kuruta uruhare rw’ingufu z’imyobo ku gipimo cya ionization y’imyobo (b). Igipimo (k) cy’igipimo cya ionization ya electron ku gipimo cya ionization y’imyobo kiriyongera. Kubwibyo, umusaruro w’ubwiyongere bw’umuvuduko mwinshi (GBW) n’urusaku ruto bishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe imiterere ya superlattice. Ariko, iyi imiterere y’amazi ya InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well structure APD, ishobora kongera agaciro ka k, iragoye kuyishyira ku byuma bitanga urumuri. Ibi biterwa nuko ikintu cyo gukuba gikora ku buryo ntarengwa bwo gusubiza kigengwa n’umuvuduko w’amazi wijimye, atari urusaku rw’umuvuduko. Muri iyi imiterere, amazi yijimye aterwa ahanini n’ingaruka zo gukurura amazi y’ubutaka bwa InGaAs bufite icyuho gito, bityo kwinjiza icyuho kinini cya quaternary alloy, nka InGaAsP cyangwa InAlGaAs, aho gukoresha InGaAs nk’urwego rw’amazi y’ubutaka bwa quantum well structure bishobora gukumira umuvuduko w’amazi wijimye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-13-2023