Vuba aha, Ikigo cya Fiziki Ikoreshwa cya Akademi y’Ubumenyi y’Abarusiya cyatangije Ikigo cya eXawatt cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Rumuri rwinshi (XCELS), gahunda y’ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho binini bya siyansi bishingiye ku buryo bukabije.laser zifite imbaraga nyinshiUyu mushinga urimo kubaka ikigo gikomeye cyanelaser ifite imbaraga nyinshihashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga rya optique parametric chirped pulse amplification muri crystals nini za potassium dideuterium (DKDP, chemical formula KD2PO4), hamwe n'umusaruro wose witezweho wa 600 PW peak power pulses. Uyu murimo utanga ibisobanuro by'ingenzi n'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku mushinga wa XCELS na sisitemu yawo ya laser, usobanura ikoreshwa n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho zijyanye n'imikoranire y'urumuri rukomeye cyane.
Gahunda ya XCELS yatanzwe mu 2011 hagamijwe kugera ku mbaraga zikomeye.laserumuvuduko w'ingufu za 200 PW, ubu wazamuwe ukagera kuri 600 PW.sisitemu ya laserishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ritatu ry'ingenzi:
(1) Ikoranabuhanga rya Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) rikoreshwa aho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Chirped Pulse Amplification risanzwe (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA;
(2) Hakoreshejwe DKDP nk'uburyo bwo gukuraho umusaruro, guhuza uburebure bwa ultra wideband kugerwaho hafi ya 910 nm;
(3) Ikirahure kinini cya laser gifite ingufu z'imivuduko ya joules ibihumbi gikoreshwa mu gupompa amplifier ipima ubunini bw'amajwi.
Uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'urumuri rwa wideband buboneka cyane mu ma kristu menshi kandi bukoreshwa muri laser za OPCPA femtosecond. Ama kristu ya DKDP akoreshwa kuko ari yo yonyine aboneka mu bikorwa ashobora guhingwa kugeza kuri santimetero icumi z'ubuso kandi icyarimwe afite imiterere yemewe y'urumuri kugira ngo ashyigikire kongera imbaraga za multi-PW.imirasire ya laserByaragaragaye ko iyo kristu ya DKDP ishyizwemo urumuri rwa frequencies ebyiri rwa laser y'ikirahure ya ND, niba uburebure bw'umurambararo w'ingufu za amplified pulse ari 910 nm, ibice bitatu bya mbere bya Taylor byo kwagura wave vector mismatch ni 0.
Ishusho ya 1 ni imiterere y’uburyo bwa laser ya XCELS. Igice cy’imbere cyakoze impuzandengo za femtosecond zifite ubunini bw’uburebure bwa 910 nm (1.3 mu Ishusho ya 1) na impuzandengo za nanosecond za 1054 nm zashyizwe muri laser ya OPCPA (1.1 na 1.2 mu Ishusho ya 1). Igice cy’imbere kandi gishimangira guhuza izi mpzandengo ndetse n’ingufu zikenewe n’ibipimo by’igihe. OPCPA ikora ku gipimo cyo gusubiramo kiri hejuru (1 Hz) yongera impuzandengo ya mpuzandengo kugeza kuri mirongo ya joules (2 mu Ishusho ya 1). Impuzandengo yongerwamo na Booster OPCPA mu gipimo kimwe cya kilojoule kandi igagabanywamo imirasire 12 isa (4 mu Ishusho ya 1). Muri OPCPA ya nyuma 12, buri mashini 12 zitanga urumuri ziyongera kugeza ku rwego rwa kilojoule (5 ku Ishusho ya 1) hanyuma zigakandamizwa na gratings 12 zo gukanda (GC ya 6 ku Ishusho ya 1). Akayunguruzo k'urusobe rw'amajwi gakoreshwa imbere kugira ngo gagenzure neza umuvuduko w'amatsinda n'urusobe rw'amajwi rwo hejuru, kugira ngo haboneke ubugari buke bushoboka bw'amajwi. Ishusho ya pulse ifite ishusho ya supergauss ya hafi 12th order, kandi bandwidth ya spectral iri kuri 1% by'agaciro ntarengwa ni 150 nm, ihwanye n'ubugari bwa Fourier transform limit pulse bwa 17 fs. Ukurikije indishyi y'amajwi idahagije hamwe n'ingorane zo kuyishyura mu buryo butari bwo muri parametric amplifiers, ubugari bw'amajwi buteganijwe ni 20 fs.
Laser ya XCELS izakoresha module ebyiri zo gukuba kabiri za laser ya UFL-2M neodymium glass frequency (3 mu Ishusho ya 1), muri zo imiyoboro 13 izakoreshwa mu gupompa OPCPA yo kongerera ingufu na OPCPA 12 ya nyuma. Imiyoboro itatu isigaye izakoreshwa nk'iy'itsinda ryigenga rya kilojoule ikoreshwa mu gusohora.amasoko ya laserku bindi bigeragezo. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingufu z'amatara ya DKDP, imbaraga z'imirasire y'ingufu zishyirwa kuri 1.5 GW/cm2 kuri buri muyoboro kandi igihe ni 3.5 ns.
Buri muyoboro wa laser ya XCELS ukora imiyoboro ifite imbaraga za PW 50. Imiyoboro 12 yose hamwe itanga imbaraga zose zo gusohora za PW 600. Mu cyumba cy’ingenzi cy’icyerekezo, imbaraga ntarengwa zo gufatisha buri muyoboro mu bihe byiza ni 0.44 × 1025 W / cm2, dufashe ko ibintu byo gufatisha F / 1 bikoreshwa mu gufatisha. Niba umuyoboro wa buri muyoboro wongereweho kugeza kuri 2.6 fs hakoreshejwe tekiniki yo gufatisha, imbaraga zo gufatisha zijyanye nazo zizongerwa kugeza kuri 230 PW, bihuye n’imbaraga z’urumuri za 2.0 × 1025 W / cm2.
Kugira ngo hagerwe ku bushyuhe bw'urumuri, ku musaruro wa 600 PW, imirasire y'urumuri mu miyoboro 12 izaba yibanzweho mu buryo bw'imirasire ya dipole ihindagurika, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2. Iyo urwego rw'imirasire muri buri muyoboro rudafunze, ubushyuhe bw'icyitegererezo bushobora kugera kuri 9 × 1025 W / cm2. Niba buri cyiciro cy'imirasire gifunze kandi gihujwe, ubushyuhe bw'urumuri buzaba bwazamuwe bukagera kuri 3.2 × 1026 W / cm2. Uretse icyumba cy'ingenzi cy'icyitegererezo, umushinga wa XCELS urimo laboratwari zigera ku 10 zikoreshwa, buri imwe ihabwa umurasire umwe cyangwa myinshi yo kugerageza. Ikoresheje uyu murima w'urumuri ukomeye cyane, umushinga wa XCELS urateganya gukora igerageza mu byiciro bine: imikorere ya quantum electrodynamics mu miyoboro ikomeye ya laser; Gukora no kwihutisha uduce; Gukora imirasire ya elegitoroniki ya kabiri; Astrophysics ya laboratwari, imikorere y'ingufu nyinshi n'ubushakashatsi bwo gusuzuma.
ISHUSHO YA 2 Imiterere y'icyerekezo mu cyumba cy'ingenzi cy'icyitegererezo. Kugira ngo bisobanuke neza, indorerwamo y'ikigereranyo y'umuraba wa 6 ishyirwa ku buryo bubonerana, kandi imirasire y'injira n'isohoka igaragaza imiyoboro ibiri gusa ya 1 na 7
Ishusho ya 3 igaragaza imiterere y'ahantu hose hakorerwamo na sisitemu ya laser ya XCELS mu nyubako y'igerageza. Amashanyarazi, pompe zikoresha vacuum, gutunganya amazi, gusukura no gukonjesha biri mu cyumba cyo munsi y'ubutaka. Ubuso bwose bw'inyubako burenga m2 24.000. Ingufu zose zikoreshwa ni hafi MW 7.5. Inyubako y'igerageza igizwe n'urukuta rw'imbere rufite ububobere n'igice cyo hanze, buri kimwe cyubatswe ku rufatiro rubiri rufatanye. Uruvange n'izindi sisitemu zitera vibration zishyirwa ku rufatiro rwihariye, ku buryo uburebure bw'ihungabana ryoherezwa kuri sisitemu ya laser binyuze ku rufatiro n'inkunga bugabanuka bukagera munsi ya 10-10 g2/Hz mu ntera ya 1-200 Hz. Byongeye kandi, hashyizweho urusobe rw'ibimenyetso byerekana geodesic mu cyumba cya laser kugira ngo rukurikirane neza uko ubutaka n'ibikoresho bigenda.
Umushinga wa XCELS ugamije gushyiraho ikigo kinini cy’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi gishingiye kuri lasers z’ingufu nyinshi cyane. Umuyoboro umwe wa sisitemu ya laser ya XCELS ushobora gutanga ubukana bw’urumuri rwihariye inshuro nyinshi kuruta 1024 W/cm2, ushobora kurenzaho 1025 W/cm2 hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya nyuma yo gukanda. Binyuze mu gukanda kwa dipole-focusing pulses kuva kuri channels 12 muri sisitemu ya laser, ubukana bwegereye 1026 W/cm2 bushobora kugerwaho nubwo hatabayeho gukanda no gufunga phase. Niba guhuza phase hagati y’imiyoboro gufunze, ubukana bw’urumuri buzaba buri hejuru inshuro nyinshi. Hakoreshejwe ubu bunini bw’ingufu za pulse bucagagura amateka n’imiterere y’imirasire myinshi, ikigo cya XCELS cy’ejo hazaza kizashobora gukora igerageza rifite ubukana bwinshi cyane, ikwirakwizwa ry’urumuri rigoye, no gusuzuma imikoranire hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser ifite imiyoboro myinshi n’imirasire ya kabiri. Ibi bizagira uruhare rudasanzwe mu rwego rwa fiziki y’igerageza ry’imirasire ya electromagnetic field ikomeye cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-26-2024