Ishuri Rikuru ry'Uburusiya XCELS rirateganya kubaka lazeri 600PW

Vuba aha, Ikigo cy’ubumenyi ngiro cya siyansi y’Uburusiya cyatangije ikigo cya eXawatt gishinzwe ubushakashatsi bukabije bw’umucyo (XCELS), gahunda y’ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho binini bya siyansi bishingiye cyane cyaneamashanyarazi menshi. Umushinga urimo kubaka cyanelaser powerhashingiwe kuri optique parametric chirped pulse amplification tekinoroji muri aperture potassium dideuterium fosifate (DKDP, formula ya chimique KD2PO4) kristal, hateganijwe ko umusaruro wa 600 PW wamashanyarazi. Aka kazi gatanga ibisobanuro byingenzi nubushakashatsi bwakozwe kubyerekeye umushinga wa XCELS hamwe na sisitemu ya laser, bisobanura porogaramu n'ingaruka zishobora kuba zijyanye n'umucyo mwinshi cyane.

Gahunda ya XCELS yatanzwe mu 2011 ifite intego yambere yo kugera ku mbaraga zo hejurulaserpulse isohoka ya 200 PW, kuri ubu ikaba yazamuwe kugeza kuri 600 PW. YayoSisitemuyishingikiriza ku buhanga butatu:
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Ultra-Broadband icyiciro cyo guhuza kiboneka cyane muri kristu nyinshi kandi ikoreshwa muri laseri ya OPCPA femtosekond. Kirisiti ya DKDP ikoreshwa kuko aribintu byonyine biboneka mubikorwa bishobora guhingwa kugera kuri santimetero icumi za aperture kandi icyarimwe bikagira imico myiza yemewe yo gushyigikira imbaraga za PW nyinshi.laseri. Byagaragaye ko iyo kristu ya DKDP ivomwe numucyo wikubye kabiri ya lazeri yikirahure ya ND, niba uburebure bwikwirakwiza bwumuvuduko wa pulse wongerewe ari 910 nm, amagambo atatu yambere yo kwaguka kwa Taylor kwaguka kwa vector vector idahuye ni 0.

Igishushanyo 1 ni igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu ya XCELS. Impera yimbere yabyaye impiswi ya femtosekond ifite uburebure hagati ya 910 nm (1.3 ku gishushanyo 1) na 1054 nm nanosekondi yatewe muri OPCPA yavomye lazeri (1.1 na 1.2 ku gishushanyo 1). Impera yimbere nayo yemeza guhuza iyi pulses kimwe ningufu zisabwa hamwe nibipimo bya spatiotemporal. Hagati ya OPCPA ikora ku kigero cyo hejuru cyo gusubiramo (1 Hz) yongerera impiswi zijimye kugeza kuri joules mirongo (2 ku gishushanyo 1). Impyisi irushijeho kongerwaho na Booster OPCPA mumurongo umwe wa kilojoule hanyuma igabanyijemo ibice 12 bisa (4 mu gishushanyo 1). Muri 12 ya nyuma ya OPCPA, buri kimwe muri 12 cyumucyo wumucyo wongerewe kugeza kurwego rwa kilojoule (5 mumashusho 1) hanyuma ugahagarikwa nudukingirizo 12 (GC ya 6 mubishusho 1). Acousto-optic programable dispersion filter ikoreshwa mumpera yimbere kugirango igenzure neza umuvuduko witsinda ryitsinda no gutondekanya murwego rwo hejuru, kugirango ubone ubugari buto bushoboka bwa pulse. Impanuka ya pulse ifite ishusho ya supergauss hafi ya 12, kandi umurongo wa 1% wagaciro ntarengwa ni 150 nm, uhuye na Fourier impinduka ntarengwa ya 17 fs. Urebye indishyi zituzuye zuzuye hamwe ningorabahizi zindishyi zicyiciro kitari gito mumashanyarazi yongerewe imbaraga, ubugari bwa pulse buteganijwe ni 20 fs.

Lazeri ya XCELS izakoresha imiyoboro ibiri 8 ya UFL-2M ya neodymium ikirahure ya laser inshuro ebyiri (3 ku gishushanyo 1), muriyo imiyoboro 13 izakoreshwa mu kuvoma Booster OPCPA na 12 ya nyuma ya OPCPA. Imiyoboro itatu isigaye izakoreshwa nka nanosekond yigenga kilojoule pulsedInkomokokubindi bigeragezo. Ntarengwa na optique yo kumeneka ya kristu ya DKDP, ubukana bwa irrasiyo ya pompe yavomwe yashyizwe kuri 1.5 GW / cm2 kuri buri muyoboro kandi igihe ni 3.5 ns.

Buri muyoboro wa XCELS laser itanga pulses ifite imbaraga za 50 PW. Imiyoboro 12 yose itanga ingufu zose zisohoka 600 PW. Mu cyumba nyamukuru kigenewe intego, imbaraga ntarengwa zo kwibanda kuri buri muyoboro mubihe byiza ni 0.44 × 1025 W / cm2, ukeka ko F / 1 yibanda kubintu bikoreshwa mukwibanda. Niba impiswi ya buri muyoboro irushijeho gukomeretsa kuri 2,6 fs hakoreshejwe tekiniki ya nyuma yo kwikuramo, imbaraga zijyanye n’ibisohoka bizongerwa kugeza kuri 230 PW, bihuye n’umuriro wa 2.0 × 1025 W / cm2.

Kugirango ugere ku mucyo mwinshi, kuri 600 PW isohoka, impiswi zumucyo mumiyoboro 12 zizibanda muri geometrike yimishwarara ya dipole ihindagurika, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2. Iyo icyiciro cya pulse muri buri muyoboro kidafunze, ubukana bwibanze burashobora kugera kuri 9 × 1025 W / cm2. Niba buri cyiciro cya pulse gifunze kandi kigahuzwa, imbaraga zumucyo zizajya ziyongera kuri 3.2 × 1026 W / cm2. Usibye icyumba nyamukuru kigenewe, umushinga XCELS urimo laboratoire zigera ku 10, buri wese yakira ibiti kimwe cyangwa byinshi byo kugerageza. Ukoresheje uyu mucyo ukomeye cyane, umushinga XCELS urateganya gukora ubushakashatsi mubyiciro bine: inzira ya kwantum electrodynamics mumashanyarazi akomeye; Umusaruro no kwihuta kw'uduce; Igisekuru cyimirasire yumuriro wa kabiri; Laboratoire ya astrofizike, imbaraga nyinshi zingirakamaro hamwe nubushakashatsi bwo gusuzuma.

FIG. 2 Kwibanda kuri geometrie mubyumba nyamukuru bigenewe. Kubisobanutse, indorerwamo ya parabolike ya beam 6 yashyizwe kumurongo, kandi ibyinjira nibisohoka byerekana imiyoboro ibiri gusa 1 na 7

Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana imiterere ya buri gace gakorera muri sisitemu ya XCELS ya laser mu nyubako yubushakashatsi. Amashanyarazi, pompe vacuum, gutunganya amazi, kweza no guhumeka neza biri mubutaka. Ahantu hose hubatswe harenga m2 24.000. Amashanyarazi yose hamwe agera kuri MW 7.5. Inyubako yubushakashatsi igizwe nu mwobo wimbere muri rusange nigice cyo hanze, buri kimwe cyubatswe kumfatiro ebyiri. Vacuum hamwe nubundi buryo butera kunyeganyega bishyirwa kuri fondasiyo yitaruye, ku buryo amplitude y’imivurungano yandujwe na sisitemu ya laser binyuze mu musingi n’inkunga igabanuka kugeza munsi ya 10-10 g2 / Hz mu ntera yumurongo wa 1-200 Hz. Byongeye kandi, urusobe rwibimenyetso bya geodeque rwashyizweho muri salle ya laser kugirango rukurikirane gahunda yimikorere yubutaka nibikoresho.

Umushinga XCELS ugamije gukora ikigo kinini cyubushakashatsi bushingiye ku mashanyarazi yo hejuru cyane. Umuyoboro umwe wa sisitemu ya lazeri ya XCELS urashobora gutanga urumuri rwibanze inshuro nyinshi hejuru ya 1024 W / cm2, rushobora kurenga 1025 W / cm2 hamwe na tekinoroji ya nyuma yo kwikuramo. Mugihe cya dipole-yibanda kumpanuka kuva mumiyoboro 12 muri sisitemu ya laser, ubukana bugera kuri 1026 W / cm2 burashobora kugerwaho nubwo hatabayeho kwikuramo no gufunga icyiciro. Niba icyiciro cyo guhuza imiyoboro ifunze, ubukana bwurumuri buzaba hejuru inshuro nyinshi. Ukoresheje ubuvanganzo bwo kumena impiswi hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kumurika urumuri, ikigo cya XCELS kizaza kizashobora gukora ubushakashatsi hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi cyane, gukwirakwiza urumuri rugoye, no gusuzuma imikoranire ukoresheje imirongo myinshi ya lazeri hamwe nimirasire ya kabiri. Ibi bizagira uruhare rudasanzwe mubijyanye na super-ikomeye ya electromagnetic yumurima wubushakashatsi.