Igitekerezo no gutondekanya nanolasers

Nanolaser ni ubwoko bwa micro na nano igikoresho gikozwe mubintu bya nanomaterial nka nanowire nka resonator kandi birashobora gusohora lazeri munsi yifoto cyangwa kwishimisha amashanyarazi. Ingano yiyi lazeri akenshi ni microne amagana gusa cyangwa na microni mirongo, kandi diameter igera kuri gahunda ya nanometero, kikaba ari igice cyingenzi cyigihe kizaza cyerekana firime yoroheje, optique ihuriweho hamwe nizindi nzego.

Ibyiciro bya nanolaser:

1. Nanowire laser

Mu 2001, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Berkeley, muri Amerika, bakoze lazeri ntoya ku isi - nanolasers - ku nsinga ya nanooptic ku gihumbi kimwe gusa cy'uburebure bw'umusatsi w'umuntu. Iyi laser ntabwo isohora lazeri ultraviolet gusa, ahubwo irashobora no guhuzwa kugirango isohore lazeri kuva mubururu kugeza ultraviolet. Abashakashatsi bakoresheje tekinike isanzwe yitwa epiphytation yerekanwe kugirango bakore lazeri kuva kristu ya zinc oxyde. Babanje "umuco" nanowire, ni ukuvuga, ikozwe kumurongo wa zahabu ufite diameter ya 20nm kugeza 150nm hamwe nuburebure bwa 10,000 nm insinga zinc oxyde. Noneho, mugihe abashakashatsi bashizemo kristu nziza ya zinc oxyde muri nanowire hamwe nizindi lazeri munsi ya parike, kristu ya zinc oxyde ya zinc yasohoye lazeri ifite uburebure bwa 17nm gusa. Nanolaser irashobora gukoreshwa mugutahura imiti no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru ya disiki ya mudasobwa na mudasobwa zifotora.

2. Ultraviolet nanolaser

Nyuma yo kuza kwa micro-laseri, lazeri ya micro-disiki, lazeri ya micro-ring, hamwe na kwant ya avalanche, umuhanga mu by'imiti Yang Peidong na bagenzi be bo muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Berkeley, bakoze ubushyuhe bwo mucyumba. Iyi zinc oxyde nanolaser irashobora gusohora lazeri ifite umurongo utari munsi ya 0.3nm hamwe nuburebure bwa 385nm munsi yumunezero mwinshi, ufatwa nka lazeri ntoya kwisi kandi nikimwe mubikoresho byambere byakozwe hakoreshejwe nanotehnologiya. Mu cyiciro cyambere cyiterambere, abashakashatsi bahanuye ko iyi ZnO nanolaser yoroshye kuyikora, umucyo mwinshi, ubunini buto, kandi imikorere irangana cyangwa iruta GaN lazeri yubururu. Kubera ubushobozi bwo gukora imirongo ya nanowire yuzuye, ZnO nanolasers irashobora kwinjiza porogaramu nyinshi zidashoboka hamwe nibikoresho bya GaAs byubu. Kugirango ukureho lazeri, ZnO nanowire ikomatanyirizwa hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara gaze butera imikurire ya epitaxial. Ubwa mbere, insina ya safiro isizwe hamwe na firime ya zahabu 1 nm ~ 3.5nm, hanyuma ukayishyira mu bwato bwa alumina, ibikoresho na substrate bishyuha kugeza kuri 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C mumigezi ya amoniya kugirango bitange umusaruro Zn parike, hanyuma Zn parike ijyanwa muri substrate. Nanowires ya 2μm ~ 10μm hamwe na hexagonal yambukiranya ibice byakozwe murwego rwo gukura kwa 2min ~ 10min. Abashakashatsi basanze ZnO nanowire ikora umwobo wa laser usanzwe ufite diameter ya 20nm kugeza kuri 150nm, kandi (95%) ya diameter ni 70nm kugeza 100nm. Kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi bwangiza imyuka ya nanowire, abashakashatsi bahisemo neza icyitegererezo muri pariki hamwe n’umusaruro wa kane uhuza umusaruro wa Nd: YAG laser (uburebure bwa 266nm, ubugari bwa 3ns). Mugihe cyubwihindurize bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere, urumuri rucumbagira hamwe no kongera ingufu za pompe. Iyo lasing irenze igipimo cya ZnO nanowire (hafi 40kW / cm), ingingo ndende izagaragara mumyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ubugari bwumurongo wizi ngingo ziri hejuru ya 0.3nm, burenze 1/50 munsi yubugari bwumurongo uva kuri vertex yoherejwe munsi yumuryango. Uku kugabanuka kwagutse no kwiyongera byihuse mubyuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye abashakashatsi bemeza ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ibaho rwose muri iyi nanowire. Kubwibyo, iyi nanowire array irashobora gukora nka resonator isanzwe bityo igahinduka isoko nziza ya micro laser. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iyi nanolaser ngufi ishobora gukoreshwa mu bijyanye no kubara neza, kubika amakuru na nanoanalyser.

3. Quantum nziza

Mbere na nyuma ya 2010, ubugari bwumurongo bwometse kuri chip ya semiconductor buzagera kuri 100nm cyangwa munsi yayo, kandi hazabaho electron nkeya gusa zigenda zunguruka, kandi kwiyongera no kugabanuka kwa electron bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya umuzenguruko. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, havutse kwantumiza neza. Mubukanishi bwa kwant, umurima ushobora kubuza kugenda kwa electron no kuyigereranya witwa kwantumiriba. Iyi mbogamizi ya kwant ikoreshwa mugukora urwego rwingufu za kwant murwego rukora rwa lazeri ya semiconductor, kuburyo inzibacyuho ya elegitoronike hagati yurwego rwingufu ziganje kumirasire ishimishije ya lazeri, ikaba ari kwanteri nziza. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa kwant kwiza: kumirongo yumurongo wa kwant na kwant dot laseri.

Line Umurongo wa Quantum

Abahanga bakoze lazeri ya kwant ifite imbaraga inshuro 1.000 kurenza lazeri gakondo, batera intambwe nini yo gukora mudasobwa byihuse nibikoresho byitumanaho. Lazeri, ishobora kongera umuvuduko w'amajwi, amashusho, interineti n'ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya fibre optique, yakozwe n'abahanga bo muri kaminuza ya Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS muri New Jersey n'ikigo cya Max Planck Institute of Physics i Dresden, Ubudage. Izi lazeri zifite ingufu nyinshi zagabanya ibikenerwa na Repeater zihenze, zishyirwaho buri kilometero 80 (kilometero 50) kumurongo witumanaho, zikongera zikabyara laser pulses zidakomeye cyane mugihe zinyuze muri fibre (Repeaters).