Igitekerezo n'ishyirwa mu byiciro rya nanolaser

Nanolaser ni ubwoko bw'igikoresho gito n'icya nano gikozwe mu bikoresho bya nanomateri nka nanowire nk'icyuma gishyushya kandi gishobora gusohora laser munsi y'ifoto cyangwa amashanyarazi. Ingano y'iyi laser akenshi ni amagana ya mikoroni cyangwa ndetse na mirongo ya mikoroni, kandi umurambararo wayo ugera kuri nanometer, ikaba ari igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyerekanwa rya filime nto mu gihe kizaza, optique integrated n'ibindi bice.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya nanolaser:

1. Laser ya Nanowire

Mu 2001, abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Kaliforuniya, Berkeley, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bakoze laser nto cyane ku isi - nanolaser - ku nsinga ya nanooptic gusa kimwe cy'igihumbi cy'uburebure bw'umusatsi w'umuntu. Iyi laser ntisohora gusa laser za ultraviolet, ahubwo ishobora no guhindurwa kugira ngo ikore laser kuva ku bururu kugeza kuri ultraviolet yimbitse. Abashakashatsi bakoresheje uburyo busanzwe bwitwa oriented epiphytation kugira ngo bakore laser bahereye kuri kristu za zinc oxide. Babanje "gukora" nanowires, ni ukuvuga, zakozwe ku rukuta rwa zahabu rufite umurambararo wa 20nm kugeza 150nm n'uburebure bwa 10.000 nm. Hanyuma, ubwo abashakashatsi bashyiraga ingufu za zinc oxide muri nanowire bakoresheje indi laser munsi y'ubutaka, kristu za zinc oxide zasohoraga laser ifite uburebure bwa 17nm gusa. Izo nanolaser zashoboraga gukoreshwa mu kumenya imiti no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru bwa disiki za mudasobwa na mudasobwa za fotoni.

2. Nanolaser ya Ultraviolet

Nyuma yo kuboneka kwa micro-laser, micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, na quantum avalanche lasers, umuhanga mu bya shimi Yang Peidong na bagenzi be bo muri Kaminuza ya California, Berkeley, bakoze nanolaser z'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba. Iyi nanolaser ya zinc oxide ishobora gusohora laser ifite ubugari bwa line butari munsi ya 0.3nm n'uburebure bwa 385nm munsi y'urumuri, ifatwa nk'iyo laser ntoya cyane ku isi kandi ikaba imwe mu bikoresho bya mbere bikora hakoreshejwe nanotechnology. Mu ntangiriro z'iterambere, abashakashatsi bahanuye ko iyi nanolaser ya ZnO yoroshye kuyikora, ifite urumuri rwinshi, ingano nto, kandi imikorere yayo ingana cyangwa iruta iya GaN blue lasers. Kubera ubushobozi bwo gukora nanowire arrays zifite ubucucike bwinshi, ZnO nanolasers zishobora kwinjira mu bikorwa byinshi bidashoboka hamwe n'ibikoresho bya GaAs byo muri iki gihe. Kugira ngo iyo laser ikure, nanowire ya ZnO ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwara gaze butuma kristale ya epitaxial ikura. Ubwa mbere, igice cya safiro gitwikirwa n'urupapuro rwa zahabu rufite ubugari bwa nanometero 1.5, hanyuma kikashyirwa ku bwato bwa alumina, ibikoresho n'igice byashyushye kugeza kuri 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C mu muyoboro wa amoniya kugira ngo bikore umwuka wa Zn, hanyuma umwuka wa Zn ujyanwa muri icyo gice. Insinga za nanometero 2.5 ~ 10μm zifite ubuso bwa hexagonal zakozwe mu nzira yo gukura y'iminota 2 ~ 10. Abashakashatsi basanze ZnO nanome ikora umwobo wa laser karemano ufite umurambararo wa nanometero 20 kugeza 150, kandi igice kinini (95%) cy'umurambararo wayo ni nanometero 70 kugeza 100. Kugira ngo bige ku ibyuka bya nanometero, abashakashatsi basunitse icyitegererezo mu busitani bufite umusaruro wa kane wa harmonic wa laser ya Nd:YAG (ubugari bwa nanometero 266, ubugari bwa 3ns pulse). Mu gihe cyo guhinduka kwa spectrum y'ibyuka, urumuri rugenda rugabanuka bitewe no kwiyongera kw'imbaraga za pompe. Iyo igihe cyo kurenga umupaka wa ZnO nanowire (hafi 40kW/cm), ahantu henshi hagaragara mu buryo bw'ibyuka bihumanya. Ubugari bw'umurongo w'izi ngingo zo hejuru ni munsi ya 0.3nm, burenze 1/50 ugereranyije n'ubugari bw'umurongo uturutse ku gice cy'ibyuka bihumanya kiri munsi y'umupaka. Ubu bugari bw'umurongo buto n'ubwiyongere bwihuse bw'imbaraga z'ibyuka byatumye abashakashatsi bafata umwanzuro ko ibyuka bishyushye bibaho koko muri izi nsinga. Kubwibyo, iyi nsinga ishobora gukora nk'ikirahure karemano bityo ikaba isoko nziza ya micro laser. Abashakashatsi bizera ko iyi nsinga ngufi ishobora gukoreshwa mu bijyanye na mudasobwa, kubika amakuru no gusesengura nanoanalyzer.

3. Lazeri y'amazi ya Quantum

Mbere na nyuma ya 2010, ubugari bw'umurongo washushanyije kuri chip ya semiconductor buzagera kuri 100nm cyangwa munsi yayo, kandi hazaba hari electron nke gusa zigenda muri circuit, kandi kwiyongera no kugabanuka kwa electron bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya circuit. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, lasers za quantum well zavutse. Muri quantum mechanics, field ishobora kubangamira ingendo za electrons no kuzipima yitwa quantum well. Iyi quantum constriction ikoreshwa mu gukora quantum energy levels mu urwego rukora rwa laser ya semiconductor, ku buryo ihindagurika rya elegitoroniki hagati y'urwego rw'ingufu rigenga imirasire ya laser, ariyo laser ya quantum well. Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa lasers za quantum well: lasers za quantum line na lasers za quantum dot.

① Lazeri y'umurongo wa Quantum

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze laser za quantum wire zirusha imbaraga laser zisanzwe inshuro 1.000, zigera ku ntambwe ikomeye mu gukora mudasobwa zihuta n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho. Laser, ishobora kongera umuvuduko w'amajwi, videwo, interineti n'ubundi buryo bw'itumanaho hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya fiber optique, yakozwe n'abahanga muri Kaminuza ya Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS i New Jersey na Max Planck Institute for Physics i Dresden, mu Budage. Izi laser zifite imbaraga nyinshi zagabanya gukenera Repeaters zihenze, zishyirwa buri kilometero 80 (kilometero 50) ku murongo w'itumanaho, zikongera gukora pulses za laser zidakomeye cyane iyo zinyura muri fiber (Repeaters).