Umwanya wimbitse wa laser itumanaho, umwanya angahe wo gutekereza? Igice cya mbere

Vuba aha, iperereza ryakozwe na US Spirit ryarangije ikizamini cyogukoresha itumanaho rya laser hamwe nubutaka bwa kilometero miliyoni 16, bishyiraho intera nshya ya optique itumanaho. Ni izihe nyungu zaitumanaho rya laser? Ukurikije amahame ya tekiniki n'ibisabwa mu butumwa, ni izihe ngorane zikeneye gutsinda? Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa mu rwego rwo gushakisha ikirere cyimbitse mu gihe kizaza?

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ntutinye ibibazo
Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu kirere ni umurimo utoroshye cyane mugihe cyabashakashatsi mu kirere bashakisha isanzure. Ibibazo bigomba kwambuka umwanya wa kure hagati yinyenyeri, gutsinda ibidukikije bikabije nuburyo bubi, kubona no kohereza amakuru yingirakamaro, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rifite uruhare runini.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyaUmwanya muremure wa laser itumanahoigeragezwa hagati ya satelite ya roho nubushakashatsi bwubutaka

Ku ya 13 Ukwakira, iperereza ryumwuka ryatangiye, ritangira urugendo rwubushakashatsi buzamara nibura imyaka umunani. Mu gutangira ubutumwa, yakoranye na telesikope ya Hale kuri Observatoire ya Palomar muri Amerika kugira ngo igerageze ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho rya lazeri mu kirere, hifashishijwe kodegisi ya lazeri hafi ya infragre kugira ngo itumanaho amakuru n'amakipe yo ku isi. Kugirango bigerweho, detector nibikoresho byayo byitumanaho bya laser bigomba gutsinda byibuze ubwoko bune bwingorabahizi. Kubaha, intera ya kure, ibimenyetso byerekana no kwivanga, kugabanya umurongo no gutinda, kugabanya ingufu hamwe nibibazo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bikwiye kwitabwaho. Abashakashatsi bategereje kuva kera kandi bitegura izo ngorane, kandi baciye mu ruhererekane rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi, bashiraho urufatiro rwiza rw'iperereza rya Roho kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwo mu kirere.
Mbere ya byose, Detector ya Roho ikoresha tekinoroji yihuta yo kohereza amakuru, yatoranijwe ya laser beam nkuburyo bwo kohereza, ifite alaser-powertransmitter, ukoresheje ibyiza byakwanduza laserigipimo no gutuza cyane, kugerageza gushiraho itumanaho rya laser mumwanya wimbitse.
Icya kabiri, kugirango tunonosore itumanaho ryizewe kandi rihamye, itumanaho rya Roho rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya coding nziza, rishobora kugera ku kigero cyo hejuru cyo kohereza amakuru mu ntera yagutse hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kubika amakuru. Mugihe kimwe, irashobora kugabanya igipimo cyamakosa no kunoza ukuri kohereza amakuru ukoresheje tekinoroji yo gukosora amakosa imbere.
Icya gatatu, hifashishijwe gahunda yubwenge no kugenzura ikorana buhanga, iperereza rimenya gukoresha neza ibikoresho byitumanaho. Ikoranabuhanga rirashobora guhita rihindura protocole yitumanaho nigipimo cyogukwirakwiza ukurikije impinduka zisabwa mubikorwa ndetse nibidukikije byitumanaho, bityo bigatuma ibisubizo byiza byitumanaho mubihe bitarenze ingufu.
Hanyuma, kugirango twongere ubushobozi bwo kwakira ibimenyetso, iperereza ryumwuka rikoresha tekinoroji yo kwakira ibiti byinshi. Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha antenne nyinshi yakira kugirango ikore umurongo, ushobora kongera ibyiyumvo byo kwakira no gutuza kw'ikimenyetso, hanyuma bigakomeza guhuza itumanaho rihamye mubidukikije byimbitse.

Ibyiza biragaragara, byihishe mu ibanga
Isi yo hanze ntabwo bigoye kubona kolasernikintu cyibanze cyikigereranyo cyitumanaho ryikigereranyo cyikigereranyo cya Roho, none ni izihe nyungu zihariye laser ifite kugirango ifashe iterambere ryingenzi ryitumanaho ryimbitse? Amayobera ni ayahe?
Ku ruhande rumwe, kwiyongera kwamakuru menshi, amashusho-yerekana amashusho menshi na videwo kubutumwa bwimbitse bwogushakisha ikirere byanze bikunze bisaba kohereza amakuru menshi kugirango itumanaho ryimbitse. Imbere yintera yo gutumanaho ikunze “gutangira” hamwe na kilometero miriyoni mirongo, imiraba ya radio igenda “idafite imbaraga.”
Mugihe itumanaho rya laser rikubiyemo amakuru kuri fotone, ugereranije numurongo wa radiyo, hafi yumucyo wumucyo wumurabyo ufite uburebure bwumurambararo muto hamwe numurongo mwinshi, bigatuma bishoboka kubaka amakuru yumwanya "umuhanda" hamwe no kohereza amakuru neza kandi neza. Iyi ngingo yagenzuwe mbere yambere yubutaka bwo hasi bwisi. Nyuma yo gufata ingamba zijyanye no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere no gutsinda imbogamizi zo mu kirere, igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru ya sisitemu y'itumanaho rya laser cyigeze kuba hejuru inshuro 100 ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gutumanaho bwabanje.