Inyandiko y'itumanaho rya laser yo mu kirere cyimbitse, ni umwanya ungana iki wo gutekereza? Igice cya Kabiri

Ibyiza biragaragara, bihishe mu ibanga
Ku rundi ruhande, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya laser rishobora kwihutisha ibidukikije byo mu kirere cyimbitse. Mu kirere cyimbitse, icyuma gipima imirasire y'ikirere kigomba guhangana n'imirasire y'ikirere isanzwe, ariko kandi kugira ngo gitsinde imyanda yo mu kirere, umukungugu n'izindi mbogamizi mu rugendo rugoye runyura mu mukandara wa asteroide, impeta nini z'imibumbe, n'ibindi, ibimenyetso bya radiyo bishobora kwibasirwa cyane.
Ishingiro rya laser ni icyuma gitanga urumuri gitangwa na atome zishyushye, aho fotoni zifite imiterere ihamye y'urumuri, icyerekezo cyiza n'ingufu zigaragara. Hamwe n'ibyiza byacyo,imirasire ya laserishobora kumenyera neza ibidukikije bigoye byo mu kirere cyimbitse no kubaka itumanaho rihamye kandi ryizewe.
Ariko, nibaitumanaho rya laserIshaka kubona umusaruro wifuza, igomba gukora akazi keza ko guhuza neza. Ku bijyanye n'igikoresho cya Spirit satellite probe, sisitemu yo kuyobora, kuyobora no kugenzura mudasobwa yayo ikomeye mu ndege yagize uruhare runini, icyitwa "uburyo bwo kwerekana, kubona no gukurikirana" kugira ngo ikoresho ry'itumanaho rya laser n'igikoresho cyo guhuza cy'ikipe y'Isi bihora bihuza neza, bitanga itumanaho rihamye, ariko kandi binagabanya neza igipimo cy'amakosa mu itumanaho, binoze uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru neza.
Byongeye kandi, uku gushyira hamwe neza bishobora gufasha amababa y'izuba kwinjiza urumuri rw'izuba rwinshi uko bishoboka kose, bigatanga ingufu nyinshi zoibikoresho by'itumanaho rya laser.
Birumvikana ko nta ngufu nyinshi zigomba gukoreshwa neza. Imwe mu nyungu z'itumanaho rya laser ni uko rikoresha ingufu neza cyane, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuzigama ingufu nyinshi kurusha itumanaho rya radiyo risanzwe, bikagabanya umutwaro woibikoresho bipima ikirere cyimbitsemu gihe cy'ingufu nke, hanyuma wongere igihe cyo kuguruka n'igihe cyo gukora cyaibikoresho byo gutahura, kandi hakaboneka ibisubizo byinshi bya siyansi.
Byongeye kandi, ugereranyije n'itumanaho rya radiyo risanzwe, itumanaho rya laser mu buryo bw'imitekerereze rifite imikorere myiza mu gihe nyacyo. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gushakisha mu kirere byimbitse, bifasha abahanga mu bya siyansi kubona amakuru mu gihe no gukora inyigo z'isesengura. Ariko, uko intera y'itumanaho igenda yiyongera, ikintu cyo gutinda kizajya kigaragara buhoro buhoro, kandi inyungu y'itumanaho rya laser mu gihe nyacyo igomba kugeragezwa.

Dutegereje ahazaza, hari byinshi bishoboka
Muri iki gihe, akazi ko gushakisha mu kirere no gutumanaho karahura n’ibibazo byinshi, ariko hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, hateganijwe ko hazakoreshwa ingamba zitandukanye mu gukemura iki kibazo.
Urugero, kugira ngo harebwe ingorane ziterwa n'intera y'itumanaho iri kure, icyuma gipima ikirere cyimbitse mu gihe kizaza gishobora kuba uruvange rw'itumanaho rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser. Ibikoresho by'itumanaho rikoresha ikoranabuhanga ...

Ishusho ya 1. Ikizamini cy'itumanaho rya laser cya kare mu nzira yo hasi y'isi
Bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya laser, kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gukoresha bandwidth no kugabanya gutinda, ibyuma bipima ikirere kirambuye byitezweho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwandika no gukanda. Mu magambo make, dukurikije impinduka mu itumanaho, ibikoresho bipima ikirere kirambuye bizahindura uburyo bwo kwandika no gukanda, kandi biharanire kugera ku ngaruka nziza zo kohereza amakuru, kunoza igipimo cyo kohereza no kugabanya igipimo cyo gutinda.
Kugira ngo harebwe inzitizi z'ingufu mu bikorwa byo gushakisha mu kirere cyimbitse kandi bikemure ibibazo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kizakoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nke n'ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije mu gihe kizaza, ibyo bikaba bitazagabanya gusa ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu buryo bw'itumanaho, ahubwo bizanatuma habaho imicungire myiza y'ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Nta gushidikanya ko hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, sisitemu y'itumanaho ya laser y'ibikoresho bipima mu kirere cyimbitse byitezwe ko izakora neza, kandi uburambe buzarushaho kwiyongera.
Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano n’ikoranabuhanga rikora mu buryo bwikora, ibyuma bipima mu kirere byimbitse byitezweho kurangiza imirimo mu buryo bwigenga kandi bunoze mu gihe kizaza. Urugero, binyuze mu mategeko na algorithms byashyizweho, icyuma gipima amakuru gishobora gukora itunganywa ry’amakuru mu buryo bwikora no kugenzura uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bw’ubwenge, kwirinda “gufunga” amakuru no kunoza imikorere myiza y’itumanaho. Muri icyo gihe, ubuhanga bw’ubukorano n’ikoranabuhanga rikora mu buryo bwikora nabyo bizafasha abashakashatsi kugabanya amakosa mu mikorere no kunoza uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru neza, kandi sisitemu z’itumanaho rya laser nazo zizabyungukiramo.
N'ubundi kandi, itumanaho rya laser ntabwo rishobora byose, kandi imirimo yo gushakisha mu kirere mu buryo bwimbitse mu gihe kizaza ishobora gutuma habaho guhuza uburyo butandukanye bw'itumanaho. Binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ry'itumanaho, nko gutumanaho kuri radiyo, itumanaho rya laser, itumanaho rya infrared, nibindi, icyuma gipima gishobora kugira ingaruka nziza mu itumanaho mu buryo butandukanye, mu buryo bwinshi, no kunoza ubwizerwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'itumanaho. Muri icyo gihe, guhuza uburyo butandukanye bw'itumanaho bifasha kugera ku mirimo myinshi y'ubufatanye, kunoza imikorere yuzuye y'ibikoresho bipima, hanyuma bigateza imbere ubwoko bwinshi n'umubare w'ibikoresho bipima kugira ngo bikore imirimo igoye mu kirere.