Ikibanza cyimbitse cya laser itumanaho, icyumba kingana iki cyo gutekereza? Igice cya kabiri

Ibyiza biragaragara, byihishe mu ibanga
Kurundi ruhande, tekinoroji yo gutumanaho ya laser irashobora guhuzwa nibidukikije byimbitse. Mu kirere cyimbitse, ubushakashatsi bugomba guhangana nimirasire yisi yose, ariko kandi kugirango tuneshe imyanda yo mwijuru, umukungugu nizindi mbogamizi murugendo rutoroshye unyuze mumukandara wa asteroide, impeta nini nini, nibindi, ibimenyetso bya radio biroroshye cyane. kwivanga.
Intangiriro ya lazeri ni urumuri rwa fotone rumurikirwa na atome zishimye, aho fotone ifite imiterere ihamye ya optique, icyerekezo cyiza nibyiza byingufu. Hamwe nibyiza byayo,laseriIrashobora guhuza neza nu kirere cyimbitse kandi ikubaka imiyoboro ihamye kandi yizewe.
Ariko, nibaitumanaho rya laserishaka gusarura ingaruka zifuzwa, igomba gukora akazi keza ko guhuza neza. Kubijyanye nubushakashatsi bwa satelite yumwuka, sisitemu yo kuyobora, kugendana no kugenzura sisitemu yindege ya mudasobwa yindege yagize uruhare runini, ibyo bita "sisitemu yo kwerekana, kugura no gukurikirana" kugirango harebwe niba itumanaho rya laser hamwe nitsinda ryisi. igikoresho buri gihe gikomeza guhuza neza, kwemeza itumanaho rihamye, ariko kandi bigabanya neza igipimo cyamakosa yitumanaho, kunoza ukuri kohereza amakuru.
Byongeye kandi, uku guhuza neza kurashobora gufasha amababa yizuba kwinjiza urumuri rwizuba rushoboka, rutanga imbaraga nyinshi kuriibikoresho by'itumanaho rya laser.
Birumvikana ko nta mbaraga zingana zigomba gukoreshwa neza. Kimwe mu byiza byo gutumanaho laser ni uko ifite ingufu nyinshi zo gukoresha ingufu, zishobora kuzigama ingufu nyinshi kuruta itumanaho rya radio gakondo, kugabanya umutwaro waIkibanza cyimbitsemunsi yingufu zitanga ingufu, hanyuma ukagura indege nigihe cyo gukora cyaimashini, no gusarura ibisubizo byinshi bya siyansi.
Mubyongeyeho, ugereranije n'itumanaho gakondo rya radio, itumanaho rya laser mubyukuri rifite imikorere myiza-yigihe. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mubushakashatsi bwimbitse, bifasha abahanga kubona amakuru mugihe no gukora ubushakashatsi bwisesengura. Ariko, uko intera yitumanaho yiyongera, ibintu byo gutinda bizagenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro, kandi inyungu nyayo yo gutumanaho laser igomba kugeragezwa.

Urebye ahazaza, byinshi birashoboka
Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu kirere no mu itumanaho buhura n’ibibazo byinshi, ariko hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho rya siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga, biteganijwe ko ejo hazaza hazakoreshwa ingamba zitandukanye kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke.
Kurugero, kugirango tuneshe ingorane ziterwa nintera yitumanaho rya kure, ahazaza harebwa umwanya muremure hashobora kuba ihuriro ryitumanaho ryihuse hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rya laser. Ibikoresho byitumanaho byihuta cyane birashobora gutanga ibimenyetso byikimenyetso kandi bigatezimbere itumanaho, mugihe itumanaho rya laser rifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwanduza no kugabanuka kwamakosa, kandi hakwiye gutegurwa ko abakomeye nimbaraga bashobora guhuriza hamwe imbaraga kugirango batange intera ndende nibisubizo byitumanaho neza. .

Igishushanyo 1. Ikigereranyo cyo hasi yisi orbit laser itumanaho
By'umwihariko kubisobanuro birambuye byikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rya laser, murwego rwo kunoza imikoreshereze yumurongo wa interineti no kugabanya ubukererwe, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwateganijwe ko buzakoresha ubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga bugezweho kandi bwifashishwa. Muri make, ukurikije impinduka mubidukikije byitumanaho, ibikoresho byitumanaho rya laser byigihe kizaza cyimbitse bizahita bihindura uburyo bwa kodegisi na compression algorithm, kandi duharanire kugera ku ngaruka nziza zo kohereza amakuru, kunoza igipimo cyo kohereza no kugabanya gutinda. impamyabumenyi.
Mu rwego rwo gutsinda inzitizi z’ingufu mu butumwa bwimbitse bwo gushakisha ikirere no gukemura ibibazo bikwirakwizwa ry’ubushyuhe, iperereza byanze bikunze rizakoresha ikoranabuhanga ridafite ingufu n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’icyatsi mu gihe kiri imbere, ritazagabanya gusa ingufu zikoreshwa mu itumanaho, ariko kugera no gucunga neza ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ntagushidikanya ko hamwe nogukoresha mubikorwa no kumenyekanisha ubwo buryo bwikoranabuhanga, sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya laser yubushakashatsi bwimbitse buteganijwe gukora neza, kandi kwihangana bizanozwa cyane.
Hamwe niterambere ryogukomeza ryubwenge bwubuhanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryikora, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwikirere buteganijwe kurangiza imirimo yigenga kandi neza mugihe kizaza. Kurugero, binyuze mumategeko yashyizweho na algorithms, detector irashobora kumenya gutunganya amakuru yikora no kugenzura amakuru yubwenge, kwirinda amakuru "guhagarika" no kunoza imikorere yitumanaho. Muri icyo gihe, ubwenge bw’ubukorikori hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryikora bizafasha kandi abashakashatsi kugabanya amakosa yo gukora no kunoza ukuri no kwizerwa mu butumwa bwo kumenya, kandi sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya laser nayo izabyungukiramo.
Nyuma ya byose, itumanaho rya laser ntirishobora byose, kandi ubutumwa bwimbitse bwogukora ubushakashatsi bwikirere bushobora gutahura buhoro buhoro uburyo bwo gutumanaho butandukanye. Binyuze mu gukoresha mu buryo bwuzuye ikoranabuhanga ritumanaho ritandukanye, nk'itumanaho rya radiyo, itumanaho rya laser, itumanaho rya infragre, n'ibindi, detector irashobora kugira ingaruka nziza y'itumanaho mu nzira nyinshi, umurongo wa radiyo nyinshi, kandi igateza imbere ubwizerwe n'umutekano w'itumanaho. Muri icyo gihe, guhuza itumanaho bitandukanye bisobanura bifasha kugera kubikorwa byinshi bifatanyabikorwa, kunoza imikorere yuzuye ya detector, hanyuma bigateza imbere ubwoko bwinshi numubare wabashakashatsi kugirango bakore imirimo igoye mumwanya muremure.