Iterambere hamwe nisoko ryimiterere ya laser Igice cya kabiri

Iterambere hamwe nisoko ryimiterere ya laser (Igice cya kabiri)

Ihame ry'akazi ryalaser

Hariho amahame agera kuri atatu yo kugera kumurongo wa laser. Benshilazerikoresha ibintu bikora hamwe numurongo mugari wa fluorescent. Rezonator zigize lazeri zifite igihombo gito cyane hejuru yumurongo muto cyane. Kubwibyo, icya mbere ni uguhindura uburebure bwa lazeri muguhindura uburebure bwumurongo uhuye nigihombo gito cya resonator kubintu bimwe na bimwe (nka griting). Iya kabiri ni uguhindura urwego rwingufu zinzibacyuho muguhindura ibice bimwe byo hanze (nkumurima wa magneti, ubushyuhe, nibindi). Icya gatatu ni ugukoresha ingaruka zidafite umurongo kugirango ugere ku guhinduka k'umuraba no guhuza (reba optique idafite umurongo, itera Raman ikwirakwizwa, optique inshuro ebyiri, ihungabana rya optique). Lazeri isanzwe yuburyo bwa mbere bwo gutunganya ni lazeri yo gusiga irangi, lazeri ya chrysoberyl, ibara ryamabara yo hagati, ibyuma byihuta byumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na lazeri ya tunimeri.

Lazeri ihindagurika uhereye muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo kumenya igabanijwemo ahanini: tekinoroji yo kugenzura, tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubushyuhe hamwe nubuhanga bwo kugenzura imashini.
Muri byo, tekinoroji yo kugenzura ikoreshwa rya elegitoronike ni ukugera ku guhuza umurongo w’umurongo uhindura inshinge zatewe inshinge, hamwe n’umuvuduko wo mu rwego rwa NS, umuvuduko mugari, ariko imbaraga nke zisohoka, zishingiye ku buhanga bwo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike cyane cyane SG-DBR (sampling grating DBR) na Lazeri ya GCSR (ifasha gufatira icyerekezo guhuza inyuma-icyitegererezo cyerekana). Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubushyuhe rihindura ibisohoka uburebure bwa laser muguhindura indangagaciro yo kugabanya akarere gakorera. Tekinoroji iroroshye, ariko itinda, kandi irashobora guhindurwa nubugari bwagutse bwa nm nkeya gusa. Ibyingenzi bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubushyuhe niLaser(yatanzweho ibitekerezo) na DBR laser (Ikwirakwizwa rya Bragg). Igenzura ryimashini rishingiye cyane cyane kuri tekinoroji ya MEMS (sisitemu ya micro-electro-mashini) kugirango irangize guhitamo uburebure bwumuraba, hamwe numuyoboro munini ushobora guhinduka, imbaraga zisohoka cyane. Inzego zingenzi zishingiye ku buhanga bwo kugenzura imashini ni DFB (yatanzweho ibitekerezo), ECL (laser cavity yo hanze) na VCSEL (vertical cavity surface isohora laser). Ibikurikira byasobanuwe muri izi ngingo zihame ryama lazeri.

Porogaramu y'itumanaho ryiza

Lazeri ihindagurika nigikoresho cyingenzi cya optoelectronic mugisekuru gishya cyumuvuduko mwinshi wumurongo wigice cyo kugwiza no guhinduranya fotone mumurongo wose wa optique. Gushyira mu bikorwa byongera cyane ubushobozi, ubworoherane nubunini bwa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza fibre optique, kandi imaze kubona guhuza cyangwa kwasi-gukomeza guhuza umurongo mugari.
Ibigo n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi ku isi biratera imbere cyane ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rya lazeri zihinduka, kandi iterambere rishya rihora rikorwa muri uru rwego. Imikorere ya lazeri ihindagurika ihora itezimbere kandi igiciro gihora kigabanuka. Kugeza ubu, lazeri zishobora kugabanywa zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: semiconductor tunable laseri na fibre fibre.
Amashanyarazini isoko yingenzi yumucyo muri sisitemu yitumanaho rya optique, ifite ibiranga ubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye, uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura ibintu, kuzigama ingufu, nibindi, kandi biroroshye kugera kuri chip optoelectronic ihuza nibindi bikoresho. Irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bukwirakwizwa bwo gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo, gukwirakwiza Bragg mirror laser, micromotor sisitemu ya vertical cavity surface isohora laser na laser cavit semiconductor laser.
Iterambere rya fibre fibre ihindagurika nkinyungu zunguka hamwe niterambere rya semiconductor laser diode nkisoko ya pompe yazamuye cyane iterambere rya fibre. Lazeri ihindagurika ishingiye kuri 80nm yunguka umurongo wa fibre ya dope, kandi akayunguruzo kongewe kumurongo kugirango ugenzure uburebure bwumurambararo no kumenya uburebure bwumurongo.
Iterambere rya semiconductor laser irashobora gukora cyane kwisi, kandi iterambere naryo ryihuta cyane. Nka lazeri ihindagurika igenda yegera buhoro buhoro lazeri zijyanye nigiciro nigikorwa, byanze bikunze bizakoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yitumanaho kandi bigira uruhare runini mumiyoboro izaza-optique.

Icyizere cy'iterambere
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa lazeri ishobora guhindurwa, muri rusange ikorwa mugutezimbere uburyo bwo guhuza imirongo yuburebure bushingiye kumurongo utandukanye wumurongo umwe, kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byatanzwe kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Usibye iterambere rya optique ihindagurika ya lazeri, lazeri ishobora guhindurwa hamwe nibindi bikorwa byahujwe nabyo byavuzwe, nka laser tunable yahujwe na chip imwe ya VCSEL hamwe na moderi yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi, hamwe na laser ihujwe nicyitegererezo cyo gusya Bragg yerekana hamwe na semiconductor optique amplifier hamwe na moderi yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi.
Kuberako uburebure bwumurongo wa lazeri bukoreshwa cyane, lazeri ihindagurika yuburyo butandukanye irashobora gukoreshwa kuri sisitemu zitandukanye, kandi buriwese ufite ibyiza nibibi. Laser yo hanze ya semiconductor laser irashobora gukoreshwa nkumurongo mugari uhuza urumuri rwumucyo mubikoresho bisuzumwa neza kubera imbaraga nyinshi zisohoka hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo uhoraho. Urebye uburyo bwo guhuza fotone no guhura nigihe kizaza cyose-optique, icyitegererezo cyo gufata DBR, uburyo bwo gufata ibyuma bya DBR hamwe na lazeri ishobora guhuzwa hamwe na modulator hamwe na amplificateur bishobora kuba bitanga urumuri rwiza rwa Z.
Fibre grating tunable laser hamwe na cavit yo hanze nayo nubwoko butanga urumuri rwumucyo, rufite imiterere yoroshye, ubugari bwumurongo muto kandi byoroshye guhuza fibre. Niba moderi ya EA ishobora guhurizwa mu cyuho, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumuvuduko mwinshi uhuza optique soliton isoko. Mubyongeyeho, fibre fibre irashobora gushingira kuri fibre ya fibre yateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize. Birashobora guteganijwe ko imikorere ya laseri ihindagurika mumashanyarazi yumucyo itumanaho izarushaho kunozwa, kandi umugabane wisoko uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro, hamwe nibyiza byo gusaba.