Gutandukanya ibice bibiri by'umuraba n'uduce duto mu buryo bw'igerageza

Imiterere y'umuraba n'uduce duto ni imiterere ibiri y'ibanze y'ibintu muri kamere. Ku bijyanye n'urumuri, impaka ku niba ari umuraba cyangwa agace duto zatangiye mu kinyejana cya 17. Newton yashyizeho inyigisho y'uduce duto ku rumuri mu gitabo cye.Ibyuma by'urumuri, byatumye inyigisho y’urumuri iba inyigisho nyamukuru mu gihe cy’imyaka hafi ikinyejana. Huygens, Thomas Young, Maxwell n’abandi bizeraga ko urumuri ari umuraba. Kugeza mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, Einstein yatanze igitekerezo cyoIbyuma by'urumuriibisobanuro bya quantum by'ikiamashanyaraziingaruka, byatumye abantu bamenya ko urumuri rufite imiterere y’umuraba n’uduce dutandukanye. Nyuma Bohr yagaragaje mu ihame rye rizwi cyane ry’ubwuzuzanye ko niba urumuri rwitwara nk’umuraba cyangwa agace runaka biterwa n’ahantu runaka hakorerwa igerageza, kandi ko imiterere yombi idashobora kubonwa icyarimwe mu igerageza rimwe. Ariko, nyuma y’uko John Wheeler atanze igitekerezo cye kizwi cyane cyo guhitamo byatinze, hashingiwe kuri verisiyo ya quantum, byagaragaye mu buryo bw’imitekerereze ko urumuri rushobora kuba mu buryo bumwe nk’aho uturemangingo tw’umuraba ari “nta muraba cyangwa agace gato, nta muraba cyangwa agace gato”, kandi iki kintu kidasanzwe cyagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bwinshi. Isuzuma ry’ubwuzuzanye bw’uduce dutandukanye tw’urumuri rigerageza imbibi gakondo z’ihame rya Bohr ry’ubwuzuzanye kandi rigasobanura neza igitekerezo cy’uburemere bw’uduce dutandukanye tw’umuraba.

Mu 2013, bashingiye ku njangwe ya Cheshire muri Alice in Wonderland, Aharonov n'abandi batanze igitekerezo cy'injangwe ya Cheshire ya quantum. Iyi nyigisho igaragaza ikintu gishya cyane, ni ukuvuga ko umubiri w'injangwe ya Cheshire (umubiri) ushobora gutandukanya imiterere y'ikirere n'isura yayo isekeje (imiterere y'umubiri), bituma gutandukanya imiterere y'ibintu n'imiterere y'ibinyabuzima bishoboka. Abashakashatsi barebye imiterere y'injangwe ya Cheshire haba muri sisitemu ya neutron na photon, ndetse banitegereza imiterere y'injangwe ebyiri za Cheshire za quantum zihana isura ziseka.

Vuba aha, bashingiye kuri iyi nyigisho, itsinda rya Porofeseri Li Chuanfeng wo muri Kaminuza y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga y'Ubushinwa, ku bufatanye n'itsinda rya Porofeseri Chen Jingling wo muri Kaminuza ya Nankai, babonye itandukaniro ry'ubucucike bw'uduce duto tw'umurabaIbyuma by'urumuri, ni ukuvuga gutandukanya imiterere y'umuraba n'imiterere y'uduce duto, binyuze mu gushushanya igerageza hakoreshejwe urwego rutandukanye rw'ubwisanzure bwa fotoni no gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima budakomeye bushingiye ku ihindagurika ry'igihe. Imiterere y'umuraba n'imiterere y'uduce duto twa fotoni birebwa icyarimwe mu turere dutandukanye.

Ibisubizo bizafasha mu kongera gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cy'ibanze cya quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, kandi uburyo bwo gupima buke bukoreshwa bizanatanga ibitekerezo by'ubushakashatsi bw'igerageza mu cyerekezo cyo gupima neza kwa quantum no gutumanaho bivuguruzanya.

| amakuru y'impapuro |

Li, JK., Sun, K., Wang, Y. n'abandi. Igerageza ryerekana itandukaniro ry'uduce dutatu tw'umuraba wa fotoni imwe n'injangwe ya quantum Cheshire. Light Sci Appl 12, 18 (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-01063-5