Ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya zeru rwose gitanga ingufu mu isanzure mu buryo bw'urumuri rwa infrared. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya rikoresha imirasire ya infrared mu gupima ingano ifatika ryitwa ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya infrared.
Ikoranabuhanga rya sensor ya infrared ni rimwe mu ikoranabuhanga ryihuse cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, sensor ya infrared yakoreshejwe cyane mu bijyanye n'indege, inyenyeri, ikirere, igisirikare, inganda n'iza gisivili n'ibindi, igira uruhare runini rudasimburwa. Infrared, mu by'ukuri, ni ubwoko bw'imirasire ya electromagnetic, uburebure bwayo bw'uburebure buri hagati ya metero 0.78 ~ 1000, kuko iherereye mu rumuri rugaragara hanze y'urumuri rutukura, rwitwa infrared. Ikintu cyose gifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya zeru cyerekana ingufu mu kirere mu buryo bw'urumuri rwa infrared. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya rikoresha imirasire ya infrared mu gupima ingano y'umubiri ikenewe ryitwa ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya infrared.
Ishusho ya infrared ya fotoni ni ubwoko bwa sensor ikora ikoresheje ingaruka za fotoni z'imirasire ya infrared. Icyo bita ingaruka za fotoni bivuga ko iyo habayeho ikibazo cya infrared ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya semiconductor, imiterere ya fotoni mu mirasire ya infrared ikorana na electron ziri mu bikoresho bya semiconductor, bigahindura imiterere y'ingufu za electron, bigatera ibintu bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi. Mu gupima impinduka mu miterere ya elegitoroniki y'ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ushobora kumenya imbaraga z'imirasire ya infrared ijyanye nayo. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa fotoni detector ni foto detector y'imbere, foto detector yo hanze, foto detector yigenga, quantum well detector ya QWIP n'ibindi. Ishusho detector y'imbere igabanyijemo ubwoko bwa fotoconductive, ubwoko bukora photovolt na fotomagnetoelectric. Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga fotoni detector ni ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wihuse wo gusubiza, n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusubiza, ariko ikibi ni uko umurongo wo gutahura ari muto, kandi muri rusange ukora ku bushyuhe buri hasi (kugira ngo hakomeze kuba ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, azote y'amazi cyangwa thermoelectric cooling ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha fotoni detector kugeza ku bushyuhe buke bwo gukora).
Igikoresho cyo gusesengura ibice gishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya infrared spectrum gifite imiterere y’icyatsi kibisi, yihuta, idasenya kandi ikoreshwa kuri interineti, kandi ni kimwe mu iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu bijyanye na chimie yo gusesengura. Molekile nyinshi za gaze zigizwe na diatome na polyatome zidafite ingano zifite imigozi ijyanye n’ingufu mu rusobe rw’imirasire ya infrared, kandi uburebure bw’uburebure n’imbaraga zo gukusanya imigozi biratandukanye bitewe na molekile zitandukanye ziri mu bintu byapimwe. Dukurikije uko imigozi ifata imigozi itandukanye ya gaze n’imbaraga zo kuyifata, imiterere n’ibikubiye muri molekile za gaze mu kintu cyapimwe birashobora kumenyekana. Isesengura rya gaze ya infrared rikoreshwa mu gukamura urumuri rwa infrared mu gice cyapimwe, kandi hakurikijwe imiterere ya infrared y’ibice bitandukanye bya molekile, hakoreshejwe imiterere ya infrared y’urusobe rw’imirasire ya gaze, binyuze mu isesengura rya spectral kugira ngo hagerwe ku isesengura ry’imiterere ya gaze cyangwa iy’icyerekezo.
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiterere ya hydroxyl, amazi, karubone, Al-OH, Mg-OH, Fe-OH n'izindi mvuto za molekile bushobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe imirasire ya infrared y'ikintu cyibandwaho, hanyuma uburebure bw'umurambararo, ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari bwa spectrum bishobora gupimwa no gusesengurwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bwacyo, ibice byacyo n'ikigereranyo cy'ibintu by'ingenzi by'icyuma. Bityo, isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibintu bikomeye rishobora gukorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2023