Intangiriro, foton ibara ubwoko bwumurongo wa avalanche Photodetector

Intangiriro, ubwoko bwo kubara fotoneumurongo wa avalanche Photodetector

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara Photon rirashobora kwagura byimazeyo ibimenyetso bya fotone kugirango tuneshe urusaku rwibisomwa byibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kandi wandike umubare wa fotone yasohowe na detector mugihe runaka ukoresheje ibimenyetso bisanzwe biranga disiketi isohora ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi munsi yumucyo mwinshi. , no kubara amakuru yintego yapimwe ukurikije agaciro ka metero ya foton. Kugirango tumenye urumuri rudakomeye cyane, ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya fotone bwakozwe mubihugu bitandukanye. Imiterere ikomeye ya avalanche Photodiode (APD ifotora) ni igikoresho gikoresha ifoto yimbere yimbere kugirango tumenye ibimenyetso byumucyo. Ugereranije nibikoresho bya vacuum, ibikoresho-bikomeye bifite inyungu zigaragara muburyo bwihuse bwo gusubiza, kubara umwijima, gukoresha ingufu, ingano hamwe na magnetique yumurima, nibindi.

Igikoresho cya Photodetectorifite uburyo bwa Geiger (GM) nuburyo bugaragara (LM) uburyo bubiri bwo gukora, ubu APD ya fotone yo kubara amashusho yerekana amashusho cyane cyane ikoresha uburyo bwa Geiger APD igikoresho. Uburyo bwa Geiger ibikoresho bya APD bifite sensibilité yo hejuru kurwego rwa fotone imwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusubiza nanosekondi mirongo kugirango ubone igihe kinini. Nyamara, uburyo bwa Geiger APD bufite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nka detector igihe cyapfuye, gukora neza, gutahura neza, ijambo rinini rya optique hamwe no gukemura ahantu hato, bityo rero biragoye guhindura itandukaniro riri hagati yikigereranyo cyo hejuru nigipimo gito cyo gutabaza. Ibara rya Photon rishingiye hafi-itagira urusaku rwinshi-ibikoresho bya HgCdTe APD bikora muburyo bwumurongo, ntibigire igihe cyapfuye kandi bibujijwe kwambukiranya imipaka, nta post-pulse ijyanye nuburyo bwa Geiger, ntibisaba kuzimya, bifite ultra-high dinamike intera, ubugari kandi birashobora kugereranywa ibisubizo, kandi birashobora kwigenga muburyo bwo gutahura neza no kubara ibinyoma. Ifungura urwego rushya rwo gukoresha amashusho ya infragre ya fotora yo kubara amashusho, nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere cyibikoresho bibara fotone, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi byo kwitegereza mu bumenyi bw’ikirere, itumanaho ry’ikirere ku buntu, gukora amashusho na pasiporo, gukurikiranira hafi n'ibindi.

Ihame ryo kubara fotone mubikoresho bya HgCdTe APD

Ibikoresho bya Photodetector ya APD bishingiye kubikoresho bya HgCdTe birashobora gukwirakwiza intera ndende, kandi coefficient ya ionisiyoneri ya electron na mwobo iratandukanye cyane (reba Ishusho 1 (a)). Berekana uburyo bumwe bwo kugwiza ibintu mu burebure bwa 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Nta rusaku rurenze (ugereranije nibintu birenze urugero urusaku FSi ~ 2-3 rwibikoresho bya Si APD na FIII-V ~ 4-5 byibikoresho byumuryango wa III-V (reba Ishusho 1 (b)), kugirango ikimenyetso- Kugereranya-urusaku rwibikoresho hafi ya byose ntibigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwinyungu, ni infragre nzizaifoto ya avalanche.

FIG. 1. (b) Kugereranya ibintu birenze urusaku F yibikoresho bya APD hamwe na sisitemu zitandukanye

Tekinoroji yo kubara Photon nubuhanga bushya bushobora kuvana muburyo bwa digitale ibimenyetso bya optique mumajwi yumuriro ukemura impiswi ya fotoelectron yakozwe na agufotoranyuma yo kwakira fotone imwe. Kubera ko ibimenyetso bito-bito bikwirakwizwa cyane mugihe cyagenwe, ibyapa byamashanyarazi bisohoka na detector nabyo birasanzwe kandi birasobanutse. Ukurikije iyi miterere iranga urumuri rudakomeye, kwongera impiswi, ivangura ryimisemburo hamwe nubuhanga bwo kubara bwa digitale bikoreshwa mugutahura urumuri rudakabije. Ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere ryo kubara fotone rifite ibyiza byinshi, nkibipimo byerekana ibimenyetso-by-urusaku, ivangura ryinshi, gupima neza neza, kurwanya anti-drift, igihe cyiza, kandi birashobora gusohora amakuru kuri mudasobwa muburyo bwa signal ya digitale kugirango isesengurwe nyuma no gutunganya, bitagereranywa nubundi buryo bwo gutahura. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yo kubara fotone yakoreshejwe cyane mu rwego rwo gupima inganda no gutahura urumuri ruto, nka optique idafite umurongo, ibinyabuzima bya molekuline, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, Photometrie y’inyenyeri, gupima umwanda w’ikirere, n'ibindi, bifitanye isano. kugura no gutahura ibimenyetso byurumuri bidakomeye. Photodetector ya mercure cadmium telluride avalanche nta rusaku rurenze, kuko inyungu yiyongera, igipimo cyerekana-urusaku ntikibora, kandi ntamwanya wapfuye no kubuza nyuma ya pulse bijyanye nibikoresho bya Geiger avalanche, bikwiranye cyane Porogaramu mu Kubara Photon, kandi nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere cyibikoresho byo kubara fotone mugihe kizaza.