Intangiriro, igikoresho cyo gupima fotoni gikoresha uburyo bwa linear avalanche photodetector

Intangiriro, ubwoko bw'ibarura rya fotoniicyuma gipima inkombe z'amazi kiri ku murongo

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara fotoni rishobora kongera cyane ikimenyetso cya fotoni kugira ngo rikureho urusaku rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, kandi rigafata umubare w'amafotoni asohoka n'icyuma gipima mu gihe runaka gikoresheje imiterere karemano y'ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gipima mu gihe cy'imirasire y'urumuri idakomeye, kandi rigapima amakuru y'ikintu cyapimwe hakurikijwe agaciro k'icyuma gipima fotoni. Kugira ngo hamenyekane urumuri rudakomeye cyane, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya fotoni byizwe mu bihugu bitandukanye. Ifotodiode y'izuba rikomeye (APD ipima foto) ni igikoresho gikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo kimenye ibimenyetso by'urumuri. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bikoresha umwuka uvamo umwuka, ibikoresho bifite akamaro kagaragara mu muvuduko w'igisubizo, umubare wijimye, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, ingano n'ubushobozi bwo gukurura imbaraga za rukuruzi, nibindi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara fotoni rya APD risanzwe.

Igikoresho cyo gupima foto cya APDIfite uburyo bwa Geiger (GM) na linear mode (LM) uburyo bubiri bwo gukora, ikoranabuhanga rya APD rikoresha cyane cyane igikoresho cya Geiger mode APD. Ibikoresho bya Geiger mode APD bifite ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere ya fotoni imwe n'umuvuduko wo gusubiza wa nanosegonda mirongo kugira ngo bibone igihe cyoroshye cyo kubona neza. Ariko, Geiger mode APD ifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nko kubona igihe cyo gupima, ubushobozi bwo kubona amakuru make, uburyo bwo gushakisha amakuru bunini n'ubushobozi buke bwo mu mwanya, bityo biragoye kunoza itandukaniro riri hagati y'umuvuduko wo kumenya amakuru menshi n'umuvuduko wo hasi w'intabaza y'ibinyoma. Ibikoresho bya photon bishingiye ku bikoresho bya HgCdTe APD bitagira urusaku rwinshi bikoresha HgCdTe APD bikorera mu buryo bwa linear, nta gihe cyo gupima amakuru kidapfa kandi nta mpaka, nta nyuma yo gutera impumuro bifitanye isano na Geiger mode, ntibisaba uruziga rwo kuzimya, bifite urwego rwo hejuru cyane rw'imbaraga, urwego rwo hejuru kandi rushobora guhindurwa rwa spectral, kandi bishobora gukorwa ku buryo bwigenga kugira ngo bishobore kubona amakuru neza no kubara amakuru atari yo. Ifungura urwego rushya rw’ikoreshwa ry’amashusho yo kubara fotoni ya infrared, ni icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’iterambere ry’ibikoresho byo kubara fotoni, kandi ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu kwitegereza ikirere, itumanaho ry’ikirere ryigenga, amashusho akora n’adakora, gukurikirana fringe n’ibindi.

Ihame ryo kubara fotoni mu bikoresho bya HgCdTe APD

Ibikoresho bya APD bipima urumuri bishingiye ku bikoresho bya HgCdTe bishobora gutwikira uburebure butandukanye bw'urumuri, kandi imiterere ya ionization ya electrons n'imyobo itandukanye cyane (reba Ishusho ya 1 (a)). Bigaragaza uburyo bumwe bwo gukuba uburebure bw'urumuri mu gihe cy'uburebure bwa 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Nta rusaku rwinshi rubaho (ugereranije n'urusaku rwinshi rwa FSi ~ 2-3 rw'ibikoresho bya Si APD na FIII-V ~ 4-5 by'ibikoresho byo mu muryango wa III-V (reba Ishusho ya 1 (b)), ku buryo igipimo cy'urusaku hagati y'ibimenyetso n'urusaku by'ibikoresho hafi ya byose kidagabanuka uko kwiyongera kw'ubwiyongere, ari yo infrared nziza.icyuma gipima imiterere y'inkangu.

ISHUSHO YA 1 (a) Isano iri hagati y'igipimo cy'ingaruka za ionization ya mercury cadmium telluride material n'igice cya x cya Cd; (b) Kugereranya urusaku rwinshi rwa F rw'ibikoresho bya APD n'ibikoresho bitandukanye

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara fotoni ni ikoranabuhanga rishya rishobora gukura ibimenyetso by'urusaku rw'ubushyuhe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu gukemura impumuro za fotoelectron zikorwa naicyuma gipima fotonyuma yo kwakira fotoni imwe. Kubera ko ikimenyetso cy'urumuri ruto gikwirakwira cyane mu gihe, icyuma gipima urumuri nacyo kiba gisanzwe kandi gitandukanye. Dukurikije iki kimenyetso cy'urumuri ruto, kongera imbaraga z'amajwi, gutandukanya amajwi n'uburyo bwo kubara mu buryo bwa digitale bikunze gukoreshwa mu kumenya urumuri ruto cyane. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kubara fotoni rifite ibyiza byinshi, nko kumenya urusaku rwinshi, gutandukanya cyane, kumenya neza ibipimo, kwirinda guhindagurika kw'amazi, kudahindagurika neza mu gihe, kandi rishobora kohereza amakuru kuri mudasobwa mu buryo bw'ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo habeho isesengura no gutunganya nyuma, ibyo bikaba bitagereranywa n'ubundi buryo bwo kubitahura. Kuri ubu, sisitemu yo kubara fotoni yakoreshejwe cyane mu bijyanye no gupima mu nganda no kumenya urumuri ruto, nko kumenya urumuri rudakoresha umurongo umwe, ibinyabuzima bya molekile, spectroscopy ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru cyane, fotometiri y'ikirere, gupima umwanda mu kirere, nibindi, bifitanye isano no kubona no kumenya ibimenyetso by'urumuri ruto. Igikoresho cyo gupima inkombe cya mercury cadmium telluride nta rusaku rwinshi kigira, uko kwiyongera kwiyongera, igipimo cy’urusaku hagati y’ibimenyetso n’urusaku ntikibora, kandi nta gihe cyapfuye n’igihe cyo gucika intege bifitanye isano n’ibikoresho bya Geiger, bikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa mu kubara fotoni, kandi ni icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’ibikoresho byo kubara fotoni mu gihe kizaza.