Ihame rya Laser na Porogaramu

Laser bivuga inzira n'ibikoresho byo kubyara, Monochromatic, hakoreshejwe urumuri rworoheje binyuze mu kongera imirasire y'imisozi ishishikarizwa kandi bikenewe. Ahanini, ibisekuru bya lazeri bisaba ibintu bitatu: "renator," "kunguka", "n '" inkomoko. "

A. Ihame

Ibikorwa bya atom birashobora kugabanywamo ingamba zitandukanye, kandi iyo imyanya ya atome kuva kurwego rwo hejuru kurwego rwingufu, birekura amafoto yingufu zihuye). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo ifoto yibyabaye kuri sisitemu yo murwego rwingufu kandi ikwinjije nayo, bizatera atome kuva murwego rwo hasi kurwego rwingufu (ibyo bita byishimishije); Noneho, atome zimwe mubyifuzo byingufu zisumbuye zizahindura urwego rwingufu zigabanuka kandi zisohora amafoto (yiswe afotora (yiswe imirasire yashishikarije). Izi ngendo ntizibera mu bwigunge, ariko akenshi zirabangikanye. Iyo dushyizeho ikibazo, nko gukoresha uburyo bukwiye, renator, umurima wamashanyarazi uhagije, muri rusange, muri rusange, hazabaho amafoto yasohotse, bikavamo itara rya laser.

B. Gutondekanya

Ukurikije uburyo butanga laser, laser irashobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro ya laser, laser ya gaze na laser. Noneho uwakunze kugaragara kuri buri Lamiconductor ni ubwoko bwa leta ikomeye.

C. Ibigize

Abahiga benshi bagizwe nibice bitatu: sisitemu yo kugereranya, laser ibikoresho na optique resonator. Sisitemu yo kwishima ni ibikoresho bitanga urumuri, amashanyarazi cyangwa imbaraga zumuti. Kugeza ubu, uburyo nyamukuru bukoreshwa ni urumuri, amashanyarazi cyangwa imiti. Ibintu bya laser ni ibintu bishobora kubyara itara rya laser, nka rubavu, gaze ya Beryllium, gaze ya neon, ibipimo ngengabuzima, ibizamini bya kamere, etc. Uruhare rwo kugenzura no guhitamo no guhitamo uburebure bwa laser.

D. Gusaba

Laser ikoreshwa cyane, cyane cyane itumanaho rya fibre, muri Laser ROngIng, Laser Gukata kwa Laser, Intwaro za Laser, muri disiki ya laser nibindi.

E. AMATEKA

Mu 1958, abahanga b'Abanyamerika Xiaoluo na Townes bavumbuye ibintu by'amarozi: iyo bashyize umucyo wasohotse ku nyamaswa y'imbere ku isi idasanzwe, molekile za kirisiti zizasohora, buri gihe hamwe urumuri rukomeye. Dukurikije iyi ngingo, basabye "Ihame rya Laser", ni ukuvuga, iyo ibintu byishimiye imbaraga zimwe na molekile isanzwe idatandukanije - laser. Babonye impapuro zingenzi kubwibi.

Nyuma yo gusohoza ibisubizo byubushakashatsi no gutwika ', abahanga bo mu bihugu bitandukanye basabye gahunda zitandukanye zigeragezwa, ariko ntibagenze neza. Ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1960, Mayman, umuhanga mu guhobera laboratoia muri Californiya, yatangaje ko yabuze umuhoro wa mbere ku bantu, ndetse n'umuhanga wa mbere wigeze abona abantu, kandi ni we wakorewe umuhanga wa mbere mu isi kumenyekanisha amapoza mu rwego rufatika.

Ku ya 7 Nyakanga 1960, umugambi wa Mayman ni utangaza ko umugambi wa mbere wa laser wa mbere ku isi, umugambi wa Mayman ugomba gukoresha Flash ya Flash yo hejuru yo gukangurira inkingi ya chromium, iyo yishwe ahantu runaka, ishobora kugera ku bushyuhe burenze hejuru y'izuba.

Umuhanga muke ndwara ya Soviet H. VIGOV yahimbye Semiconductor Laser muri 1960. Imiterere ya Semiconductor Laser isanzwe igizwe na P Later, n layer hamwe na later hamwe nimikorere ya doteroojucction ebyiri. Ibiranga ni: Ingano nto, guhuza byinshi, umuvuduko wihuse, uburebure bukwiranye nubunini bwa fibre ya optique, burashobora guhinduka muburyo butaziguye, cohererefe nziza.

Bitandatu, bimwe mubyerekezo nyamukuru bya laser

F. Intumanaho

Gukoresha urumuri rwo kohereza amakuru asanzwe muri iki gihe. Kurugero, amato akoresha amatara yo gushyikirana, n'amatara yumuhanda akoresha umutuku, umuhondo, nicyatsi. Ariko izi nzira zose zo kohereza amakuru ukoresheje urumuri rusanzwe rushobora kugarukira gusa mugihe gito. Niba ushaka kohereza amakuru ahantu kure cyane binyuze mumucyo, ntushobora gukoresha urumuri rusanzwe, ariko ukoresha laser.

Nigute ushobora gutanga laser? Turabizi ko amashanyarazi ashobora gutwarwa ninsinga z'umuringa, ariko urumuri ntirushobora gutwarwa ninshinga zisanzwe. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, abahanga bateje imbere filament ishobora kohereza urumuri, bita fibre optique, bavugwa ko ari fibre. Fibre ya Optique ikozwe mubikoresho byihariye byikirahure, diameter iringaniye kuruta umusatsi wumuntu, mubisanzwe kugeza kuri microne 50 kugeza 15 kugeza 150, kandi yoroshye cyane.

Mubyukuri, ishingiro ryimbere rya fibre ni indangagaciro ndende yo gutunganya ibirahuri byiza, kandi igifu cyo hanze gikozwe mubirahuri bike cyangwa plastike. Imiterere nk'iyi, ku kuboko kumwe, irashobora gutuma urumuri rwiherereye mu cy'ingenzi, nk'uko amazi atemba imbere mu muyoboro w'amazi, amashanyarazi yandujwe imbere mu nsinga, amashanyarazi yanduza imbere mu nsinga, nubwo amashanyarazi yanduza imbere mu nsinga, nubwo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bihinduka. Kurundi ruhande, igiti cyogurika cyo kwanduza kirashobora gukumira umucyo kumeneka, nkuko umuyoboro wamazi utareba kandi urwego rwibitinze ntabwo rwirebiro idakora amashanyarazi.

Kugaragara kwa fibre optique ikemura inzira yo kwanduza urumuri, ariko ntibisobanura ko nayo, umucyo wose urashobora koherezwa kure cyane. Gusa umucyo mwinshi, ibara ryiza, laser nziza, nisoko nziza cyane yo kohereza amakuru, ni ibitekerezo kuva kumpera imwe ya fibre, nta gihombo kiva kurundi ruhande. Kubwibyo, itumanaho rya optique ni laser ishyikirana, rifite ibyiza byubushobozi bwinshi, ubuziranenge bwibikoresho, kurambagizanya, ni kimwe mubya siyansi bimaze kugeraho mu mpinduramatwara yikoranabuhanga.