Ikoranabuhanga rya laser ryo kumenya fibre optique Igice cya mbere

Ikoranabuhanga rya laser rikoreshwa mu gupimafibre y'urumuriGusobanukirwa Igice cya Mbere

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya imirasire y'urumuri ni ubwoko bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya ryakozwe hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya fibre optique n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutumanaho rya fibre optique, kandi ryabaye rimwe mu mashami akomeye y'ikoranabuhanga rya fotoelectric. Sisitemu yo kumenya imirasire y'urumuri igizwe ahanini na laser, fibre yo kohereza ubutumwa, igice cyo kumenya cyangwa agace ko guhindura urumuri, kumenya urumuri n'ibindi bice. Ibipimo bigaragaza imiterere y'umuraba w'urumuri birimo ubukana, uburebure bw'uburebure, icyiciro, imiterere ya polarization, nibindi. Ibi bipimo bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ingaruka zo hanze mu kohereza imirasire y'urumuri. Urugero, iyo ubushyuhe, imbaraga, igitutu, umuvuduko w'amazi, kwimuka, guhindagura, kuzunguruka, guhindagura n'ingano ya shimi bigira ingaruka ku nzira y'urumuri, ibi bipimo birahinduka kimwe. Gusobanukirwa imirasire y'urumuri bishingiye ku isano iri hagati y'ibi bipimo n'ibintu byo hanze kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano ifatika ijyanye nabyo.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwaisoko ya laserikoreshwa muri sisitemu zo kumenya fibre optique, zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: guhuzaamasoko ya lasern'amasoko y'urumuri adahuye, adahuyeamasoko y'urumuriahanini harimo urumuri rw'ingufu n'amatara asohora urumuri, naho amasoko y'urumuri ahuza harimo amatara akomeye, amatara y'amazi, amatara ya gaze,laser ya semiconductornalaser ya fibreIbikurikira ni ibya ngombwa cyane cyaneisoko y'urumuri rwa laserikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no kumenya fibre mu myaka ya vuba aha: laser ifite umurongo muto w’ubugari bwa single-frequency, laser ifite umurongo umwe w’ubugari bwa wavelength sweep frequency na laser y’umweru.

1.1 Ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho ubugari bw'umurongo mutoamasoko y'urumuri rwa laser

Sisitemu yo kumenya fibre optique ntabwo ishobora gutandukanywa n'isoko rya laser, kuko urumuri rw'umuraba rupimwe, isoko y'urumuri rwa laser ubwayo, nk'imbaraga zihamye, ubugari bwa laser, urusaku rw'icyiciro n'ibindi bipimo kuri sisitemu yo kumenya fibre optique intera yo kumenya, uburyo bwo kumenya neza, ubushobozi bwo kumenya n'imiterere y'urusaku bigira uruhare rukomeye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n'iterambere rya sisitemu yo kumenya fibre optique intera ndende, amashuri makuru n'inganda bashyizeho ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo imikorere ya laser miniaturization irusheho kuba myiza, cyane cyane muri: ikoranabuhanga rya optique frequency domain reflection (OFDR) rikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya rihuza kugira ngo risesengure ibimenyetso bya backrayleigh bitatanye by'imigozi y'urumuri mu gice cy'imigozi, hamwe n'ubwinshi bwagutse (metero ibihumbi). Ibyiza byo kumenya neza (resolution yo ku rwego rwa milimetero) no kumenya neza cyane (kugeza kuri -100 dBm) byabaye imwe mu ikoranabuhanga rifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha mu gupima no kumenya fibre optique. Ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga rya OFDR ni ugukoresha isoko y'urumuri ishobora guhinduka kugira ngo ugere ku ihinduka ry'umuvuduko w'urumuri, bityo imikorere y'isoko ya laser igena ibintu by'ingenzi nko kumenya OFDR, ubushobozi bwo kumenya no kumenya neza. Iyo intera y'aho urumuri rugarukira iri hafi y'uburebure bw'aho ruhurira, ubukana bw'ikimenyetso cyo gukubita buzagabanuka cyane bitewe na coefficient τ/τc. Ku isoko y'urumuri ya Gaussian ifite ishusho ya spectral, kugira ngo harebwe ko inshuro yo gukubita ifite uburyo bwo kugaragara burenga 90%, isano iri hagati y'ubugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri n'uburebure ntarengwa bwo kumva sisitemu ishobora kugeraho ni Lmax~0.04vg/f, bivuze ko kuri fibre ifite uburebure bwa km 80, ubugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri buri munsi ya 100 Hz. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry'izindi porogaramu rishyiraho ibisabwa byinshi ku bugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri. Urugero, muri sisitemu ya hydrophone ya fibre optique, ubugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri bugena urusaku rwa sisitemu kandi bugagena ikimenyetso gito gipimwa cya sisitemu. Muri Brillouin optique time domain reflector (BOTDR), uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'imbaraga bigenwa ahanini n'ubugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri. Muri resonator fiber optic gyro, uburebure bw'urumuri bushobora kongerwa binyuze mu kugabanya ubugari bw'umurongo w'urumuri, bityo bikanoza ubugari n'ubujyakuzimu bwa resonator, bikagabanya ubugari bw'umurongo wa resonator, kandi bikagenzura ko fibre optic gyro ipima neza.

1.2 Ibisabwa ku masoko ya laser yo gukaraba

Laser imwe yo gupima ubunini bw'umuraba ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubunini bw'umuraba, ishobora gusimbura laser nyinshi zitanga ubunini bw'umuraba, ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubaka sisitemu, ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo kumenya fibre optique. Urugero, mu kumenya fibre optique, ubwoko butandukanye bwa gaze bufite uburebure butandukanye bwo gufata gaze. Kugira ngo hamenyekane ko urumuri rukora neza iyo gaze yo gupima ihagije kandi igere ku bunini bwo gupima, ni ngombwa guhuza uburebure bw'umuraba w'urumuri ruturuka ku ihererekanya ry'umuraba n'uburebure bwo gufata gaze. Ubwoko bwa gaze bushobora kugaragara bugenwa ahanini n'uburebure bw'umuraba w'urumuri ruturuka ku ihererekanya ry'umuraba. Kubwibyo, laser ntoya zifite imikorere ihamye yo gupima umurambararo zifite ubushobozi bwo gupima bwinshi muri izo sisitemu zo kumenya. Urugero, muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo kumenya fibre optique zishingiye ku ishusho y'umuraba, laser igomba gukururwa vuba buri gihe kugira ngo ibone ibimenyetso by'urumuri bifatika kandi bigerweho neza, bityo igipimo cyo guhinduranya isoko ya laser gifite ibisabwa byinshi, kandi umuvuduko wo gupima wa laser ihinduka ukunze kuba ukenewe kugera kuri 10 pm/μs. Byongeye kandi, laser ifite ubugari buciriritse bushobora gukoreshwa cyane muri liDAR, uburyo bwo gupima kure bwa laser no gusesengura spectral ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'izindi nzego zo gupima. Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa n'ibipimo by'imikorere yo hejuru ya bandwidth yo gupima, uburyo bwo gupima neza no kwihuta kwa laser ifite ubugari bunini mu bijyanye no gupima fibre, intego rusange yo kwiga laser ifite ubugari buciriritse bushobora guhindurwa mu myaka ya vuba aha ni ukugera ku buryo bwo gupima neza mu rugero rw'uburebure bw'uburebure bushingiye ku gupima ubugari bwa laser bufite ubugari bunini, urusaku rw'urwego ruto cyane, n'umuvuduko n'imbaraga bihoraho cyane.

1.3 Gusaba isoko y'urumuri rwa laser rwera

Mu rwego rwo kumenya urumuri, laser y'urumuri rwera nziza cyane ifite akamaro kanini mu kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu. Uko laser y'urumuri rwera ikwirakwira cyane, niko ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo kumenya urumuri rwa fiber optique. Urugero, iyo hakoreshejwe fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mu gukora umuyoboro wa sensor, isesengura rya spectral cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza filter bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukuramo urumuri. Iya mbere yakoresheje spectrometer kugira ngo igerageze buri muyoboro wa FBG resonant mu muyoboro. Iya nyuma ikoresha filter reference kugira ngo ikurikirane kandi itunganye FBG mu gukuramo urumuri, byombi bisaba isoko y'urumuri rwa internet nk'isoko y'urumuri rwa FBG. Kubera ko buri muyoboro wa FBG uzagira igihombo runaka cyo kwinjiramo, kandi ufite umuyoboro wa internet urenga 0.1 nm, gukuramo urumuri rwa internet rwa FBG nyinshi icyarimwe bisaba isoko y'urumuri rwa internet rufite imbaraga nyinshi n'umuyoboro wa internet mwinshi. Urugero, iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukata fibre igihe kirekire (LPFG) bwo kumva, kubera ko uburyo bwo gukata fibre imwe bungana na nm 10, hakenewe isoko y'urumuri rwagutse rufite uburyo bwo gukata fibre buhagije na spectrum ingana n'aho ingana kugira ngo hamenyekane neza imiterere y'ubunini bwayo. By'umwihariko, uburyo bwo gukata fibre acoustic (AIFG) bwubatswe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa acousto-optical bushobora kugera ku rugero rwo gukata uburebure bwa resonant kugeza kuri nm 1000 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, igerageza rya dynamic grating rifite ubwo buryo bwo gukata fibre riteza ikibazo gikomeye ku buryo bwo gukata fibre bw'urumuri rwagutse. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyo bwo gukata fibre ya Bragg yatinze nabwo bwakoreshejwe cyane mu bijyanye no kumenya fibre. Bitewe n'imiterere yabwo yo gukata fibre, ubunini bw'ubunini bushobora kugera kuri nm 40. Uburyo bwo kumenya busanzwe ni ukugereranya ingendo hagati y'ubunini bwinshi bwo gutumanaho, bityo ni ngombwa gupima uburyo bwo gukata fibre burundu. Ubunini n'imbaraga by'urumuri rwagutse bisabwa kuba hejuru.

2. Imiterere y'ubushakashatsi mu gihugu no mu mahanga

2.1 Isoko y'urumuri rwa laser rufite ubugari buto

2.1.1 Lazeri y'ibitekerezo ikoresha umurongo muto w'ubugari bwa semiconductor

Mu 2006, Cliche n'abandi bagabanyije igipimo cya MHz cya semiconductorLazeri ya DFB(laser feedback ikwirakwizwa) kuri kHz scale hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'amashanyarazi bwo gusubiza; Mu 2011, Kessler n'abandi bakoresheje ubushyuhe buke n'ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwa crystal imwe hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura feedback kugira ngo babone umusaruro wa laser w'ubugari bwa 40 MHz; Mu 2013, Peng n'abandi babonye umusaruro wa laser ya semiconductor ifite ubugari bwa 15 kHz bakoresheje uburyo bwo guhindura feedback ya Fabry-Perot (FP). Uburyo bw'amashanyarazi bwakoresheje cyane cyane feedback yo gushimangira frequency ya Pond-Drever-Hall kugira ngo ubugari bwa laser bw'urumuri bugabanuke. Mu 2010, Bernhardi n'abandi bakoze cm 1 ya erbium-doped alumina FBG kuri substrate ya silicon oxide kugira ngo babone umusaruro wa laser ufite ubugari bwa 1.7 kHz. Muri uwo mwaka, Liang n'abandi. yakoresheje uburyo bwo kwishyiramo ubwabyo bwa Rayleigh scattering bwakozwe na high-Q echo wall resonator yo gukandagirana kwa laser ya semiconductor, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, maze amaherezo abona umuvuduko muto wa laser ya 160 Hz.

Igishushanyo cya 1 (a) Ishusho y'ubugari bw'umurongo wa laser ya semiconductor ishingiye ku gukwirakwiza kwa Rayleigh mu buryo bwa resonator yo hanze ya gallery;
(b) Interuro y'ingufu za laser ya semiconductor ikora yigenga ifite ubugari bwa 8 MHz;
(c) Interuro ya laser ifite ubugari bw'umurongo bushyizwe kuri 160 Hz
2.1.2 Fiber laser ifite ubugari buto

Ku bijyanye na laser za fibre zifata umurongo umwe, umuvuduko wa laser y'ubugari bwa longitudinal uboneka binyuze mu kugabanya uburebure bwa resonator no kongera igihe cy'uburyo bwo mu gihe kirekire. Mu 2004, Spiegelberg n'abandi babonye umuvuduko wa laser y'ubugari bwa longitudinal mode imwe ifite ubugari bwa 2 kHz bakoresheje uburyo bwa DBR short cavity. Mu 2007, Shen n'abandi bakoresheje fibre ya silikoni ifite erbium ya cm 2 cyane kugira ngo bandike FBG kuri fibre ya Bi-Ge co-doped photosensitive, maze bayihuza na fibre ikora kugira ngo ikore umwobo muto w'umurongo umwe, bituma ubugari bw'umurongo wayo usohoka wa laser buri munsi ya kHz 1. Mu 2010, Yang n'abandi bakoresheje umwobo muto w'umurongo wa cm 2 uvanze na filter ya FBG ya narrowband kugira ngo babone umuvuduko wa laser y'uburyo bumwe bwo mu gihe kirekire ufite ubugari bwa line butari munsi ya 2 kHz. Mu 2014, itsinda ryakoresheje umwobo mugufi ugororotse (virtual folded ring resonator) hamwe na FBG-FP filter kugira ngo babone umusaruro wa laser ufite ubugari bw'umurongo muto, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3. Mu 2012, Cai n'abandi bakoresheje imiterere y'umwobo mugufi wa cm 1.4 kugira ngo babone umusaruro wa laser uhuza imiterere y'amashanyarazi ufite imbaraga zirenze 114 mW, uburebure bw'umurambararo wa 1540.3 nm, n'ubugari bw'umurongo wa 4.1 kHz. Mu 2013, Meng n'abandi bakoresheje Brillouin scattering ya fibre ya erbium ifite umwobo mugufi w'icyuma gikingira gifunze kugira ngo babone uburyo bumwe bwo kuzenguruka, low-phase noise output ya laser ifite imbaraga zirenga 10 mW. Mu 2015, itsinda ryakoresheje umwobo mugufi ugizwe na fibre ya erbium ifite cm 45 nk'aho Brillouin scattering gain medium kugira ngo ibone umusaruro mugufi n'umurambararo mugufi w'umurongo.

Igishushanyo cya 2 (a) Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser ya fibre ya SLC;
(b) Imiterere y'umurongo w'ikimenyetso cya heterodyne yapimwe hakoreshejwe gutinda kwa fibre ya kilometero 97.6