Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji yafibre optiquekumva Igice cya mbere
Tekinoroji ya optique ya optique ni ubwoko bwa tekinoroji yo gutezimbere yatejwe imbere hamwe na tekinoroji ya fibre optique hamwe na tekinoroji yo gutumanaho ya fibre optique, kandi ibaye rimwe mumashami akora cyane yubuhanga bwamafoto. Sisitemu ya fibre optique igizwe ahanini na lazeri, fibre yoherejwe, ibyumviro cyangwa agace kahinduwe, kumenya urumuri nibindi bice. Ibipimo bisobanura ibiranga urumuri rwumucyo birimo ubukana, uburebure bwumuraba, icyiciro, imiterere ya polarisiyasi, nibindi. Kurugero, iyo ubushyuhe, imbaraga, igitutu, ikigezweho, kwimuka, kunyeganyega, kuzunguruka, kugoreka no kugereranya imiti bigira ingaruka kumuhanda wa optique, ibipimo bihinduka bijyanye. Optical fibre sensing ishingiye kumubano uri hagati yibi bintu nibintu byo hanze kugirango umenye ingano yumubiri.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwaInkomokoikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya fibre optique, ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: coherentInkomokon'umucyo udahuza isoko, bidahuyeisoko yumucyocyane harimo urumuri rwinshi na diode itanga urumuri, hamwe nurumuri rwumucyo rurimo lazeri zikomeye, lazeri yamazi, lazeri,semiconductor lasernalaser. Ibikurikira ni cyane cyane kuriisoko yumucyoikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye na fibre sensibilité mumyaka yashize: ubugari bwumurongo muto ubugari bwa lazeri imwe, uburebure bwumurongo umwe wohanagura lazeri na lazeri yera.
1.1 Ibisabwa kumurongo mutolaser urumuri
Sisitemu ya optique ya fibre optique ntishobora gutandukana nisoko ya laser, nkibipimo byapimwe byerekana ibimenyetso bitwara urumuri rwumucyo, urumuri rwumucyo ubwayo ikora, nkumuriro wamashanyarazi, umurongo wa lazeri, urusaku rwibice hamwe nibindi bipimo kuri optique ya fibre sensibilité ya sisitemu yo kumenya intera, gutahura ubunyangamugayo, ibyiyumvo hamwe nibiranga urusaku bigira uruhare rukomeye. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryurwego rurerure ultra-high resolution optique fibre sensing sisitemu, amasomo ninganda byashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa bikaze kugirango imikorere ya linewidth ya laser miniaturisation, cyane cyane muri: tekinoroji ya optique yumurongo wa interineti (OFDR) ikoresha coherent tekinoroji yo gutahura kugirango isesengure inyuma yinyuma ikwirakwiza ibimenyetso bya fibre optique murwego rwumurongo wa interineti, hamwe na metero nini (metero ibihumbi). Ibyiza byo gukemura cyane (milimetero-urwego rwo gukemura) hamwe no kwiyumvamo cyane (kugeza kuri -100 dBm) byahindutse bumwe muburyo bwikoranabuhanga rifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza fibre optique no gupima tekinoroji. Intandaro yikoranabuhanga rya OFDR nugukoresha urumuri rushobora guhinduka kugirango ugere kuri optique yumurongo wa optique, bityo imikorere yinkomoko ya laser igena ibintu byingenzi nkibipimo bya OFDR byerekana, ibyiyumvo no gukemura. Iyo intera yo kwerekana intera yegereye uburebure bwa coherence, ubukana bwikimenyetso cyo gukubita bizahuzwa cyane na coefficient τ / τc. Ku mucyo wo muri Gaussiya ufite ishusho yerekana, kugirango tumenye neza ko inshuro yakubiswe ifite hejuru ya 90% igaragara, isano iri hagati yubugari bwumurongo wurumuri rwumucyo nuburebure ntarengwa bwo kumva sisitemu ishobora kugeraho ni Lmax ~ 0.04vg / f, bivuze ko kuri fibre ifite uburebure bwa km 80, ubugari bwumurongo wumucyo utanga munsi ya 100 Hz. Mubyongeyeho, iterambere ryibindi bikorwa naryo rishyira imbere ibisabwa hejuru kumurongo wa soko yumucyo. Kurugero, muri sisitemu ya fibre optique ya fibre optique, umurongo utanga isoko yumucyo ugena urusaku rwa sisitemu kandi ukanagena ibimenyetso byibura bipimwa bya sisitemu. Muri Brillouin optique ya domaine yerekana (BOTDR), gukemura ibipimo byubushyuhe hamwe nihungabana bigenwa cyane cyane nuburinganire bwumucyo. Muri resonator fibre optique gyro, uburebure bwa coherence yumurabyo wumucyo burashobora kwiyongera mugabanya ubugari bwumurongo wurumuri rwumucyo, bityo bikazamura ubwiza bwimbitse nuburinganire bwa resonator, kugabanya ubugari bwumurongo wa resonator, no kwemeza gupima ukuri kwa fibre optique gyro.
1.2 Ibisabwa kugirango ukureho laser
Umuhengeri umwe wohanagura lazeri ufite imikorere yoroheje yo guhuza imirongo, irashobora gusimbuza ibyasohotse byinshi byagenwe byateganijwe, kugabanya ikiguzi cyubwubatsi bwa sisitemu, nigice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo guhitamo fibre. Kurugero, mumyuka ya gaz fibre sensing, ubwoko butandukanye bwa gaze zifite impanuka zitandukanye zo kwinjiza gaze. Kugirango hamenyekane neza uburyo bwo kwinjiza urumuri iyo gaze yo gupima ihagije kandi igere ku ntera yo hejuru yo gupima, ni ngombwa guhuza uburebure bwumuraba w’umucyo woherejwe n’impanuka ya molekile ya gaze. Ubwoko bwa gaze ishobora gutahurwa igenwa nuburebure bwumuraba wumucyo wumucyo. Kubwibyo rero, imirongo migari yoroheje ifite umurongo mugari uhuza umurongo mugari ufite uburyo bwo gupima bworoshye murwego rwo kumva. Kurugero, muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zagabanijwe za optique ya fibre sensibilisation ishingiye kuri optique yumurongo wa optique, lazeri igomba guhanagurwa byihuse kugirango igere ku buryo bunoze bwo guhuza no kwerekana ibimenyetso bya optique, bityo igipimo cyo guhindura isoko ya laser gifite ibisabwa cyane. , kandi umuvuduko wo guhanagura laser ihindurwa mubisanzwe birasabwa kugera saa kumi / μs. Mubyongeyeho, uburebure bwumurongo wa tunini ya laserwidth irashobora kandi gukoreshwa cyane muri liDAR, laser ya kure ya sensing hamwe nisesengura ryinshi-ryisesengura hamwe nizindi nzego. Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byimikorere ihanitse yo guhuza umurongo mugari, guhuza neza no guhuza umuvuduko wa lazeri imwe yumurambararo murwego rwo kumva fibre, intego rusange yo kwiga imirongo migari ya fibre lazeri mumyaka yashize ni ukugera hejuru- Kuringaniza neza muburyo bunini bwumurambararo hashingiwe ku gukurikirana ultra-dar laser laserwidwidth, urusaku rudasanzwe rwo hasi, hamwe na ultra-stabilite isohoka inshuro nimbaraga.
1.3 Gusaba urumuri rwera rwa laser
Mubyerekeranye na optique sensing, ubuziranenge bwumucyo wera laser bifite akamaro kanini kugirango tunoze imikorere ya sisitemu. Mugihe cyagutse cya laser yumucyo wera, niko ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya fibre optique. Kurugero, mugihe ukoresheje fibre Bragg grating (FBG) kugirango wubake umuyoboro wa sensor, isesengura ryikurikiranabikorwa cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza akayunguruzo bushobora gukoreshwa kuri demodulation. Iyambere yakoresheje spekrometero kugirango igerageze mu buryo butaziguye buri burebure bwa FBG resonant. Iheruka ikoresha akayunguruzo kugirango ikurikirane kandi ihindure FBG mu kwiyumvisha, byombi bisaba umuyoboro mugari nkumucyo wikizamini cya FBG. Kuberako buri muyoboro wa FBG uzagira igihombo runaka cyo kwinjiza, kandi ufite umurongo urenze 0.1 nm, demodulation icyarimwe ya FBG icyarimwe bisaba isoko yumucyo mugari ufite imbaraga nyinshi kandi nini cyane. Kurugero, mugihe ukoresheje fibre ndende ya fibre (LPFG) kugirango ubyumve, kubera ko umurongo mugari wigihombo kimwe kiri murutonde rwa 10 nm, urumuri rugari rwumucyo utanga umurongo uhagije hamwe nuburinganire buringaniye burasabwa kuranga neza resonant yacyo ibiranga impinga. By'umwihariko, fibre acoustic fibre (AIFG) yubatswe mugukoresha ingaruka za acousto-optique irashobora kugera kumurongo woguhuza umurongo wa resonant wumurambararo ugera kuri 1000 nm ukoresheje amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, imbaraga zo gusya zipima hamwe na ultra-rugari yo guhuza intera itera ikibazo gikomeye kumurongo mugari wumurongo mugari. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu myaka yashize, gusya kwa fibre ya Bragg nayo yakoreshejwe cyane mubijyanye no kumva fibre. Bitewe nuburyo bwinshi bwo gutakaza igihombo kiranga, ikwirakwizwa ryumurongo rishobora kugera kuri 40 nm. Uburyo bwayo bwo kwiyumvisha ni ukugereranya urujya n'uruza hagati yimpanuka nyinshi, bityo rero birakenewe gupima umurongo wacyo wose. Umuyoboro mwinshi n'imbaraga z'umurongo mugari urumuri rusabwa kuba hejuru.
2. Imiterere yubushakashatsi murugo no mumahanga
2.1 Umuyoboro mugari wa laser urumuri
2.1.1 Umuyoboro mugari wa semiconductor watanze ibitekerezo bya laser
Mu 2006, Cliche n'abandi. yagabanije igipimo cya MHz ya semiconductorLaser(gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo laser) kuri kHz igipimo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi; Muri 2011, Kessler n'abandi. yakoresheje ubushyuhe buke hamwe nubutumburuke buke bwa kirisiti ya kristu ihujwe hamwe nigikorwa cyo kugenzura ibitekerezo kugirango ubone ultra-dar linewidth laser isohoka ya 40 MHz; Muri 2013, Peng et al yabonye laser ya semiconductor isohora umurongo wa 15 kHz ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhindura ibitekerezo bya Fabry-Perot (FP). Uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bwakoresheje cyane cyane icyuzi-Drever-Hall inshuro zo gutuza kugirango ibitekerezo bya laser bigabanye urumuri rugabanuka. Muri 2010, Bernhardi n'abandi. yabyaye cm 1 ya erbium-ikoporora alumina FBG kuri substrate ya silicon kugirango ibone umusaruro wa laser ufite ubugari bwumurongo wa 1.7 kHz. Muri uwo mwaka, Liang n'abandi. yakoresheje ibitekerezo-byo gutera inshinge zinyuma za Rayleigh zinyanyagiye inyuma zakozwe na Q-echo ya rukuta ya resonator ya semiconductor laser umurongo-ubugari, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1, hanyuma amaherezo ibona umurongo muto-ubugari bwa laser isohoka 160 Hz.
Igishushanyo 1 (a) Igishushanyo cya semiconductor laser linewidth compression ishingiye ku kwitera inshinge Rayleigh ikwirakwiza hanze yongorerana yerekana uburyo bwa resonator;
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(c) Ikirangantego cya laser hamwe na linewidth yagabanijwe kugeza 160 Hz
2.1.2
Kumurongo wa cavity fibre lazeri, umurongo wa laserwidth ya laser isohoka muburyo bumwe burebure buraboneka mugabanya uburebure bwa resonator no kongera intera ndende. Mu 2004, Spiegelberg n'abandi. yabonye uburyo bumwe burebure buringaniye bwa laserwidth laser isohoka hamwe na linewidth ya 2 kHz ukoresheje uburyo bwa DBR bugufi. Mu 2007, Shen n'abandi. yakoresheje cm 2 cyane ya erbium-dope ya silicon fibre kugirango yandike FBG kuri fibre ya Bi-Ge ifatanije na fotosensitif fibre, hanyuma ayihuza na fibre ikora kugirango ikore umwobo uhuza umurongo, bituma umurongo wa lazeri usohoka utari munsi ya 1 kHz. Muri 2010, Yang n'abandi. yakoresheje 2cm ikubye cyane umurongo mugufi wavanze hamwe numuyoboro mugari wa FBG muyunguruzi kugirango ubone uburyo bumwe burebure bwa laser isohoka hamwe numurongo wubugari buri munsi ya 2 kHz. Muri 2014, iryo tsinda ryakoresheje umurongo mugufi (umurongo uzengurutswe impeta ya resonator) uhujwe na filteri ya FBG-FP kugirango ubone umusaruro wa laser ufite ubugari bwumurongo muto, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3. Muri 2012, Cai n'abandi. yakoresheje 1.4cm ngufi yububiko kugirango ibone polariseri ya laser ifite ingufu zisohoka zirenga 114 mW, uburebure bwumurambararo wa 1540.3 nm, nubugari bwumurongo wa 4.1 kHz. Muri 2013, Meng n'abandi. yakoresheje Brillouin ikwirakwiza fibre ya erbium hamwe na fibre ngufi ya cavite yuzuye yo kubogama kugirango ibone uburyo bumwe-burebure, icyiciro gito cyamajwi laser gisohoka gifite ingufu za mW 10. Muri 2015, iryo tsinda ryakoresheje umwobo w’impeta ugizwe na cm 45 za erbium-dope fibre nkuko ikwirakwizwa rya Brillouin ryunguka uburyo bwo kubona urwego ruto kandi rugufi rwa laser.
Igishushanyo 2 (a) Igishushanyo mbonera cya SLC fibre laser;
(b) Imiterere yikimenyetso cya heterodyne yapimwe na 97,6 km yatinze
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-20-2023