Infrarouge y'umuvuduko mutoicyuma gipima imiterere y'inkangu
Imashini ipima infrared avalanche photodetector (APD ipima foto) ni icyiciro cyaibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya semiconductorbitanga inyungu nyinshi binyuze mu gukora ionization ya collision, kugira ngo bigere ku bushobozi bwo kumenya fotoni nke cyangwa fotoni imwe. Ariko, mu miterere isanzwe ya APD photodetector, inzira yo gukwirakwiza icyuma kidakoresha equilibrium carrier itera gutakaza ingufu, ku buryo voltage ya avalanche threshold ikunze kuba 50-200 V. Ibi bishyiraho ingufu nyinshi ku gikoresho gitwara amashanyarazi n'imiterere ya circuit yo gusoma, bikongera ikiguzi kandi bigabanyiriza ikoreshwa ryagutse.
Vuba aha, ubushakashatsi bw'Abashinwa bwatanze igitekerezo ku miterere mishya y'inkangu hafi y'icyuma gipima infrared gifite voltage nke y'inkangu ndetse n'uburyo bwo kumva ibintu bwinshi. Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo guhuza ibintu mu buryo bwonyine, icyo cyuma gipima inkangu gikemura ikibazo cyo gukwirakwira kwangiza giterwa n'imiterere y'impinduka mu buryo budashobora kwirindwa mu gihe cy'impinduka. Hagati aho, ingufu zikomeye z'amashanyarazi ziterwa no gucika kw'impinduka mu buryo bwo guhindura imiterere y'impinduka zikoreshwa mu kunoza imikoranire ya coulomb hagati y'ibikoresho, guhagarika uburyo bwo gukwirakwira bwa phonon bugenzurwa n'ikirere, no kugera ku buhanga bunini bw'ibikoresho bidahuye. Ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, ingufu z'inkangu ziri hafi y'ikigereranyo cya teyori Urugero (Urugero ni icyuho cy'umugozi wa semiconductor) kandi ubushobozi bwo kumenya inkangu bwa infrared bugera ku rwego rwa photon 10000.
Ubu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku buryo bwa atome-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe₂) homojunction (two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide, TMD) nk'uburyo bwo gukusanya inkombe z'amazi zitwara umuriro. Gutandukanya imiterere y'ahantu bigerwaho binyuze mu gushushanya intambwe yo guhindura imiterere y'ubutaka kugira ngo habeho ingufu zikomeye z'amashanyarazi zo mu gace ka "spike" ku buryo bwa "mutant homojunction".
Byongeye kandi, ubunini bwa atome bushobora gukumira uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bugengwa na mode ya phonon, kandi bugatuma inzira yo kwihutisha no gukuba kw'ibintu bidahuye n'uburinganire hamwe n'igihombo gito cyane. Ibi bituma ingufu z'inka ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba zegerana n'umupaka w'ibitekerezo ni ukuvuga icyuho cy'ibikoresho bya semiconductor Urugero: Umuvuduko w'inka ku gipimo cya avalanche wagabanutse kuva kuri 50 V ugera kuri 1.6 V, bituma abashakashatsi bakoresha imiyoboro ya digitale ikuze ifite voltage nke kugira ngo batware inka.icyuma gipima fotokimwe na diode zitwara umuriro na transistors. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo ingufu zitwara umuriro zitari iz’uburinganire zikoreshwa neza binyuze mu gushushanya ingaruka zo gukuba inkombe nke, bitanga icyerekezo gishya cy’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima infrared mu gihe kizaza, rituma habaho ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima infrared mu gihe kiri imbere cyane, rituma inkombe nke zibasha guhindagurika cyane ndetse rikanagira ingaruka nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 16 Mata 2025