Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser ry'Ubugari Buto Igice cya Kabiri

Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser ry'Ubugari Buto Igice cya Kabiri

(3)Laser yo mu rwego rwo hejuru

Mu 1960, laser ya mbere ku isi ya rubi yari laser ya solid-state, irangwa n'ingufu nyinshi zisohoka n'uburebure bwagutse bw'umuraba. Imiterere yihariye ya laser ya solid-state ituma irushaho koroha mu gushushanya umuvuduko w'ubugari bw'umurongo muto. Kuri ubu, uburyo bw'ingenzi bwashyizwe mu bikorwa burimo uburyo bw'ubugari bugufi, uburyo bw'impande imwe, uburyo busanzwe bwo mu cyuho, uburyo bwo gufunga uruziga, uburyo bwo gukata uruziga mu buryo bwa Bragg, n'uburyo bwo gutera imbuto.

Ishusho ya 7 igaragaza imiterere ya laser nyinshi zisanzwe za single-longitudinal mode solid-state.

Ishusho ya 7(a) igaragaza ihame ry'imikorere yo guhitamo uburyo bumwe bwo mu gihe kirekire bushingiye ku gipimo cya FP kiri mu kaburimbo, ni ukuvuga ko uburyo bwo kohereza bwagutse bw'umurongo muto bw'ubugari bw'umurongo bukoreshwa mu kongera igihombo cy'ubundi buryo bwo mu gihe kirekire, bityo ubundi buryo bwo mu gihe kirekire bugasuzumwa mu nzira yo guhangana n'uburyo bitewe n'uburyo buke bwo kohereza, kugira ngo hagerwe ku mikorere ya bumwe bwo mu gihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, urwego runaka rw'umusaruro wo guhindura uburebure bw'umurambararo rushobora kuboneka binyuze mu kugenzura inguni n'ubushyuhe bw'igipimo cya FP no guhindura interval ya longitudinal mode. Ishusho ya 7(b) na (c) bigaragaza oscillator idahuza uruziga (NPRO) n'uburyo bwa torsional pendulum mode cavity bukoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro umwe wo mu gihe kirekire. Ihame ry'imikorere ni ugutuma urumuri rukwirakwira mu cyerekezo kimwe muri resonator, gukuraho neza ikwirakwizwa ry'ahantu ritaringaniye ry'umubare w'uduce dusubira inyuma mu kaburimbo gasanzwe gahagaze, bityo hirindwa ingaruka z'ingaruka zo gutwika umwobo w'ahantu kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro umwe wo mu gihe kirekire. Ihame ryo guhitamo uburyo bwa Bragg grating (VBG) rimeze nk'irya laser za semiconductor na fiber narrow line-width zavuzwe mbere, ni ukuvuga, hakoreshejwe VBG nk'ikintu cyo kuyungurura, hashingiwe ku guhitamo kwayo kwa spectral nziza no guhitamo kwa Angle, oscillator izunguruka ku murambararo cyangwa umugozi runaka kugira ngo igere ku ruhare rwo guhitamo uburyo bwa longitudinal, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 7 (d).
Muri icyo gihe, uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo mu gihe kirekire bushobora guhuzwa hakurikijwe ibikenewe kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo mu gihe kirekire, kugabanya ubugari bw'umurongo, cyangwa kongera imbaraga z'irushanwa ry'uburyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura frequency butari umurongo n'ubundi buryo, no kwagura uburebure bw'umuvuduko wa laser mu gihe ikora mu buryo buciriritse, ibyo bikaba bigoye kubikora.laser ya semiconductornalaser za fibre.

(4) Lazeri ya Brillouin

Laser ya Brillouin ishingiye ku ngaruka za Brillouin scattering (SBS) kugira ngo ibone urusaku ruke, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutanga umuvuduko muto w’umurongo, ihame ryayo ni ugukoresha fotoni n’imikorere y’imbere y’umuvuduko w’ijwi kugira ngo habeho impinduka runaka za fotoni za Stokes, kandi ikomeza kongerwa mu buryo burambuye muri bandwidth y’ubwiyongere bw’amajwi.

Ishusho ya 8 igaragaza igishushanyo mbonera cy'urwego rw'ihinduka rya SBS n'imiterere y'ibanze ya lazeri ya Brillouin.

Bitewe n'umuvuduko muto w'umurima w'amajwi, impinduka ya frequence ya Brillouin y'ibikoresho ubusanzwe iba 0.1-2 cm-1 gusa, bityo hamwe na laser ya 1064 nm nk'urumuri rwa pompe, uburebure bwa Stokes bukunze kuba 1064.01 nm gusa, ariko ibi bivuze kandi ko ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura quantum buri hejuru cyane (kugeza kuri 99.99% mu by'ukuri). Byongeye kandi, kubera ko Brillouin gain linewidth y'uburyo busanzwe iba ingana na MHZ-ghz gusa (Brillouin gain linewidth y'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bungana na 10 MHz gusa), ni nto cyane ugereranyije n'ubugari bwa gain linewidth bw'ikintu gikoreshwa na laser kingana na 100 GHz, bityo, Stokes excited muri Brillouin laser ishobora kugaragaza ikintu kigaragara cyo kugabanya spectrum nyuma yo kongera imbaraga mu gisenge, kandi ubugari bwayo bw'umurongo usohoka ni bugufi cyane ugereranyije n'ubugari bwa pompe. Kuri ubu, lazeri ya Brillouin yabaye ahantu hakurura ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n'amafoto, kandi habayeho raporo nyinshi ku buryo Hz na sub-Hz zigaragaza ubugari bw'umurongo mugari cyane.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibikoresho bya Brillouin bifite imiterere y'umuraba byagaragaye mu rwego rwafotoniki za mikoroonde, kandi irimo gutera imbere vuba mu cyerekezo cyo gukora ibintu bito, guhuza neza no kugaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibintu byinshi. Byongeye kandi, lazeri ya Brillouin ikoresha ikirere ishingiye ku bikoresho bishya bya kristu nka diyama nayo yinjiye mu cyerekezo cy'abantu mu myaka ibiri ishize, iterambere ryayo rishya mu mbaraga z'imiterere y'umuraba n'inzitizi ya SBS, imbaraga za lazeri ya Brillouin kugeza kuri 10 W, ishyiraho urufatiro rwo kwagura ikoreshwa ryayo.
Aho guhurira hose
Bitewe n'ubushakashatsi buhoraho bw'ubumenyi bugezweho, lasers z'ubugari bw'umurongo muto zabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi kubera imikorere yazo myiza, nka laser interferometer LIGO yo gupima umuraba w'imbaraga rukuruzi, ikoresha linewidth imwe y'umurongo muto.laserifite uburebure bwa 1064 nm nk'isoko y'imbuto, kandi ubugari bw'urumuri rw'imbuto buri hagati ya 5 kHz. Byongeye kandi, lasers z'ubugari buciriritse zifite uburebure bwa uburebure bushobora guhindurwa kandi nta buryo bwo gusimbuka nazo zigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoresha, cyane cyane mu itumanaho rihuza, rishobora guhaza neza ibyifuzo bya wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) cyangwa frequency division multiplexing (FDM) kugira ngo wavelength (cyangwa frequency) tuning ishobore kubaho, kandi byitezwe ko izaba igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry'itumanaho rigendanwa.
Mu gihe kizaza, udushya mu bikoresho bya laser n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibintu bizarushaho guteza imbere gukanda imiyoboro ya laser, kunoza uburyo ihindagurika ry'ingufu, kwagura uburebure bw'urumuri rw'amashanyarazi no kunoza imbaraga, bikanatanga inzira yo gushakisha isi itazwi n'abantu.