Ubuhanga bushya bwa fotodetector yoroheje

Ubuhanga bushya bwaicyuma cyoroshye cya silicon
Imiterere yo gufata Photon ikoreshwa mugutezimbere urumuri rutoamashanyarazi ya silicon
Sisitemu ya Photonic irimo kwiyongera cyane mubikorwa byinshi bigenda bigaragara, harimo itumanaho ryiza, kumva liDAR, hamwe no gufata amashusho yubuvuzi. Nyamara, kwamamara kwinshi kwa fotonike mubisubizo byubwubatsi bizaza biterwa nigiciro cyingandagufotora, nacyo giterwa ahanini nubwoko bwa semiconductor ikoreshwa kuri iyo ntego.
Ubusanzwe, silikoni (Si) yabaye igice kinini cya semiconductor mu nganda za elegitoroniki, ku buryo inganda nyinshi zimaze gukura hafi yibi bikoresho. Kubwamahirwe, Si ifite coefficente yoroheje yo kwinjiza urumuri hafi ya infragre (NIR) ugereranije nizindi semiconductor nka gallium arsenide (GaAs). Kubera iyo mpamvu, GaAs hamwe nibisigazwa bifitanye isano biratera imbere mubikorwa bya fotonike ariko ntibishobora guhuzwa nibikorwa gakondo byuzuzanya byuma-oxyde semiconductor (CMOS) bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoroniki. Ibi byatumye ibiciro byabo byo gukora byiyongera cyane.
Abashakashatsi bakoze uburyo bwo kuzamura cyane kwinjiza hafi ya infragre muri silicon, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma igabanuka ryibiciro mu bikoresho bifotora cyane, kandi itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa UC Davis ririmo gutangiza ingamba nshya zo kunoza cyane urumuri muri firime yoroheje. Mu mpapuro zabo ziheruka kuri Advanced Photonics Nexus, berekana ku nshuro yabo ya mbere kwerekana igeragezwa ryerekana fotodetekeri ishingiye kuri silikoni hamwe na mikoro ifata urumuri - hamwe na nano-yubuso, bigera ku ntera itigeze ibaho ugereranije na GaAs hamwe nandi matsinda ya semiconductor ya III-V . Photodetector igizwe na plaque ya silikoni ya silikoni ya silikoni yashyizwe kuri substrate ikingira, hamwe n '“intoki” z'icyuma zirambuye mu buryo bw'urutoki uhereye ku cyuma cyandikirwa hejuru y'isahani. Icyangombwa, silicon yuzuye yuzuyemo umwobo uzengurutswe muburyo bwigihe gikora nkibibanza bifotora. Imiterere rusange yicyo gikoresho itera urumuri rusanzwe rwibintu kugabanuka kuri 90 ° iyo rukubise hejuru, rukemerera gukwirakwira kuruhande rwindege ya Si. Ubu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza kuruhande byongera uburebure bwurugendo rwumucyo kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko muke, biganisha kumikoranire yumucyo-mwinshi bityo bikongera kwinjirira.
Abashakashatsi bakoze kandi amashusho ya optique hamwe nisesengura rya teoretiki kugirango basobanukirwe neza ingaruka zuburyo bwo gufata amafoto, kandi bakoze ubushakashatsi bwinshi ugereranya fotodetekeri na ntayo. Basanze gufata fotone byatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi muburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza umurongo mugari wa NIR, kuguma hejuru ya 68% hamwe nimpinga ya 86%. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mugice cyegeranye cya infragre, coeffisente yo kwinjiza fotodetector ifotora inshuro nyinshi kurenza iya silikoni isanzwe, irenga gallium arsenide. Mubyongeyeho, nubwo igishushanyo mbonera cyateganijwe kuri 1μm yububiko bwa silicon, kwigana firime 30 nm na 100 nm silicon ya firime ihuza na electronique ya CMOS yerekana imikorere isa niyongerewe imbaraga.
Muri rusange, ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana ingamba zitanga icyizere cyo kunoza imikorere ya fotodetekeri ishingiye kuri silicon mugukoresha fotonike igaragara. Kwinjira cyane birashobora kugerwaho no mubice bya ultra-thin silicon, kandi ubushobozi bwa parasitike yumuzunguruko burashobora kuguma hasi, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa muri sisitemu yihuta. Byongeye kandi, uburyo buteganijwe burahujwe nuburyo bugezweho bwo gukora CMOS bityo bukaba bufite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo optoelectronics yinjizwa mumuzunguruko gakondo. Ibi na byo, bishobora gutanga inzira yo gusimbuka cyane mu miyoboro ya mudasobwa ya ultrafast ihendutse hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryerekana amashusho.