Amplifiers z'urumuri mu rwego rwo gutumanaho kw'imigozi y'urumuri
An amplifier y'amajwini igikoresho cyongera ibimenyetso by'urumuri. Mu rwego rw'itumanaho rya fibre optique, ahanini kigira uruhare rukurikira: 1. Kongera no kongera imbaraga z'urumuri. Mu gushyira amplifier y'urumuri ku mpera y'imbere y'urumuri rwa optique, imbaraga z'urumuri zinjira muri fibre zishobora kongerwa. 2. Kongera imbaraga z'urumuri kuri interineti, bigasimbura Repeaters zisanzwe muri sisitemu z'itumanaho rya fibre optique; 3. Kongera imbaraga: Mbere y'icyuma gipima foto ku mpera y'urumuri, ikimenyetso cy'urumuri gito gishyirwa imbere kugira ngo cyongere ubushobozi bwo kwakira.
Kugeza ubu, amplifiers za Optical zikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya fibre optical zirimo ubwoko bukurikira: 1. Amplifiers za Optical za Semiconductor (SOA Optical amplifier)/Semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA Optical amplifier); 2. Amplifier idakunze gukoreshwa mu gukurura fibre, nka fibre amplifier zikoreshwa mu gukurura fibre (EDFA Optical amplifier), nibindi. 3. Amplifiers za fibre zidafite umurongo ugororotse, nka amplifiers za fibre Raman, nibindi. Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro ngufi uko bikurikirana.
1. Amplifiers za Semiconductor optique: Mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ritandukanye kandi rifite imiterere itandukanye y'inyuma, laser za semiconductor zishobora gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwa amplifiers za semiconductor optique. Niba umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa laser ya semiconductor uri munsi y'umubare wayo, ni ukuvuga ko nta laser ikorwa, muri iki gihe, ikimenyetso cya optique cyinjizwa ku mpera imwe. Igihe cyose frequency y'iki kimenyetso cya optique iri hafi y'aho laser iherereye, izakongerwa kandi igasohoka iturutse ku yindi mpera. Ubwo bwoko bwaamplifier y'urumuri rw'ibice bibiriyitwa amplifier optique yo mu bwoko bwa Fabry-Perrop (FP-SLA). Iyo laser iri hejuru y’umupaka, ikimenyetso cy’urumuri cy’uburyo bumwe cyoroshye kwinjiza kiva ku mpera imwe, igihe cyose ingano y’iki kimenyetso cy’urumuri iri mu buryo bwa multimode laser, ikimenyetso cy’urumuri kizakongerwa kandi gifunze ku buryo runaka. Ubwo bwoko bwa amplifier optique bwitwa amplifier yo mu bwoko bwa injection-locked (IL-SLA). Niba impera ebyiri za laser ya semiconductor zitwikiriwe n’indorerwamo cyangwa zigakurwamo umwuka hamwe n’urupapuro rwa anti-reflection, bigatuma emissivity yayo iba nto cyane kandi idashobora gukora umwobo wa Fabry-Perrow resonant, iyo ikimenyetso cy’urumuri kinyuze mu gice cy’urumuri gikora, kizakongerwa mu gihe cy’urugendo. Kubwibyo, ubwo bwoko bwa amplifier optique bwitwa amplifier optique yo mu bwoko bwa traveling wave (TW-SLA), kandi imiterere yabwo igaragara ku ishusho ikurikira. Kubera ko uburebure bw'umurambararo wa amplifier y'ubwoko bwa travel wave type buruta ubw'umurambararo wa Fabry-Perot, kandi uburebure bw'umurambararo wayo wa 3dB bushobora kugera kuri 10THz, ishobora kongera ibimenyetso by'urumuri bitandukanye kandi ni amplifier y'urumuri yizewe cyane.
2. Amplifier ya fibre ikoresheje igishishwa: Igizwe n'ibice bitatu: Icya mbere ni fibre ifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero nyinshi na metero icumi. Iyi myanda ahanini ni iyoni z'isi zidasanzwe, zigize ibikoresho byo gukoresha laser; Icya kabiri ni isoko ya pompe ya laser, itanga ingufu z'uburebure bukwiye kugira ngo ishishikaze iyoni z'isi zidasanzwe zikoresheje dope kugira ngo urumuri rurusheho kwiyongera. Icya gatatu ni coupler, ituma urumuri rwa pompe n'urumuri rw'ibimenyetso bihurira mu bikoresho bikoresha fibre ya optique. Ihame ry'imikorere ya fibre amplifier risa cyane n'irya laser ifite imiterere ikomeye. Itera imiterere y'ikwirakwizwa ry'imibare y'uduce mu bikoresho bikoresha laser kandi igatanga imirasire ishishikajwe. Kugira ngo habeho imiterere ihamye yo gukwirakwiza imibare y'uduce, hagomba kuba hari ingufu zirenze ebyiri mu mpinduka y'urumuri, akenshi sisitemu eshatu n'eshatu, hamwe n'ingufu zihoraho ziva ku isoko ya pompe. Kugira ngo haboneke ingufu neza, uburebure bwa fotoni ya pompe bugomba kuba bugufi kuruta ubwa fotoni ya laser, ni ukuvuga ko ingufu za fotoni ya pompe zigomba kuba nini kuruta iza fotoni ya laser. Byongeye kandi, umwobo w’urumuri utanga ibitekerezo byiza, bityo hashobora gukorwa amplifier ya laser.
3. Amplifiers za fibre zidafite umurongo: Amplifiers za fibre zidafite umurongo n'amplifiers za fibre za erbium ziri mu cyiciro cya amplifiers za fibre. Ariko, iya mbere ikoresha ingaruka zitari umurongo za fibre za quartz, mu gihe iya kabiri ikoresha fibre za quartz zidafite umurongo wa erbium kugira ngo zikore ku buryo bukora. Fibres zisanzwe za quartz zitanga ingaruka zikomeye zitari umurongo bitewe n'urumuri rukomeye rwa pompe rw'uburebure bukwiye, nko gukwirakwiza Raman (SRS), gukwirakwiza Brillouin (SBS), n'ingaruka zo kuvanga imiraba ine. Iyo ikimenyetso cyoherejwe kuri fibre ya optique hamwe n'urumuri rwa pompe, urumuri rw'ikimenyetso rushobora kongerwa. Bityo, zikora amplifiers za fibre Raman (FRA), amplifiers za Brillouin (FBA), na amplifiers za parametric, zose zikaba ari amplifiers za fibre zikwirakwizwa.
Incamake: Icyerekezo rusange cy'iterambere ry'amakuru yose amplifiers optique ni inyungu nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi zo gusohora, n'urusaku ruto.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2025