Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibice by'urumuri

Ibice by'urumurireba ibice by'ingenzi byasisitemu z'amasobikoresha amahame y’urumuri kugira ngo bikore ibikorwa bitandukanye nko kwitegereza, gupima, gusesengura no gufata amajwi, gutunganya amakuru, gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’ishusho, kohereza no guhindura ingufu, kandi ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ibice by’ingenzi by’ibikoresho by’urumuri, ibikoresho byo kwerekana amashusho, n’ibikoresho byo kubika amashusho. Dukurikije uburyo bwo gukora neza no gukoresha, bishobora kugabanywamo ibice gakondo by’urumuri n’ibice by’urumuri bigezweho. Ibice gakondo by’urumuri bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri kamera gakondo, telesikope, mikorosikopi n’ibindi bicuruzwa gakondo by’urumuri; Ibice by’urumuri bigezweho bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri telefoni zigezweho, porojeketeri, kamera za digitale, kamera za kamera, fotokopi, ibikoresho by’urumuri, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’indorerwamo zitandukanye z’urumuri bigezweho.

Bitewe n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga no kunoza imikorere y’inganda, telefoni zigezweho, kamera za digitale n’ibindi bikoresho byagiye biba ibikoresho by’ingenzi ku baturage, bituma ibikoresho by’urumuri byongera ubwiza bw’ibice by’urumuri.

Ukurikije urwego rw’isi yose rukoresha ibice by’urumuri, telefoni zigezweho na kamera za digitale ni byo bikoresho by’ingenzi cyane bikoresha ibice by’urumuri. Ubusabe bwo kugenzura umutekano, kamera z’imodoka, n’amazu agezweho nabyo byashyize imbere ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo kamera igaragare neza, ibyo bikaba byongera gusa icyifuzo cyabyo.itara ry'amasoFilime y'indorerwamo ya kamera zigezweho, ariko inateza imbere kuvugurura ibikoresho gakondo byo gusiga indorerwamo z'amatara bikagera ku bikoresho byo gusiga indorerwamo z'amatara bifite inyungu nyinshi.

Iterambere ry'inganda rihagaze neza

① impinduka mu miterere y'ibicuruzwa

Iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rishobora guhinduka bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’ibicuruzwa biri hasi. Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka porojekiteri, kamera za digitale n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe no gukundwa cyane kwa telefoni zigezweho, inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga muri rusange zinjiye mu gihe cyo kugabanuka, kandi isoko ryazo ryagiye risimburwa buhoro buhoro na telefoni zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Umuraba w’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byambarwa biyobowe na Apple wateje akaga gakomeye ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe by’ikoranabuhanga mu Buyapani.

Muri rusange, ukwiyongera kwihuta k'ubukene bw'ibikoresho by'umutekano, ibinyabiziga, na telefoni zigendanwa byatumye inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bihindura imiterere yazo. Hamwe no kuvugurura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa biri mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha amashanyarazi, inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga biri hagati mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bihindura icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa, zigahindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, kandi zegere inganda nshya nka telefoni zigezweho, sisitemu z'umutekano, n'indorerwamo z'imodoka.

②Impinduka mu kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga

Aho guhagararaibicuruzwa bya optoelectroniczirimo gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cya pikseli ndende, ntoya kandi zihendutse, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa byinshi bya tekiniki ku bice by'urumuri. Kugira ngo bihuze n'iyo miterere y'ibicuruzwa, ibice by'urumuri byarahindutse mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho n'imikorere ya tekiniki.

(1) Indorerwamo z'amaso ziboneka

Gufata amashusho y'indorerwamo z'urumuri bifite ubusumbane, byoroshye gutera ubukana no guhinduka kw'ibitagenda neza, indorerwamo z'urumuri zishobora kubona ireme ryiza ryo gufata amashusho, zigakosora ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubusumbane, zikongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya sisitemu. Ishobora gusimbuza ibice byinshi by'indorerwamo z'urumuri n'igice kimwe cyangwa byinshi by'indorerwamo z'urumuri, byoroshya imiterere y'igikoresho kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi. Indorerwamo z'urumuri zikunze gukoreshwa cyane, indorerwamo ya hyperboloid n'indorerwamo ya elliptic.

(2) Ikoreshwa rya plastiki ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya optique

Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ibice by'urumuri ni ikirahuri gitanga urumuri, kandi bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, pulasitiki itanga urumuri yateye imbere vuba. Ibikoresho gakondo by'ikirahuri gitanga urumuri birahenze cyane, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora no kongera gutunganya riragoye, kandi umusaruro ntuba munini. Ugereranyije n'ikirahuri gitanga urumuri, pulasitiki itanga urumuri ifite imiterere myiza yo gushushanya pulasitiki, uburemere bworoshye, ihendutse n'ibindi byiza, kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu gufotora, mu ndege, mu gisirikare, mu buvuzi, mu bijyanye n'umuco no mu burezi bw'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bya gisivili bitanga urumuri.

Ukurikije uburyo amatara y’urumuri akoreshwa, ubwoko bwose bw’amatara n’amatara afite ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, bishobora gukorwa mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu buryo bwo gushushanya, hatabayeho uburyo busanzwe bwo gusya, gusya neza, gusiga irangi n’ibindi bikorwa, cyane cyane bikwiranye n’ibice by’urumuri bikozwe mu buryo bwa aspherical. Ikindi kintu kigaragara mu ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki y’urumuri ni uko iyo tara y’urumuri ishobora gukorwa mu buryo butaziguye hifashishijwe imiterere y’urumuri, byoroshya uburyo bwo guteranya, bikanagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imiti ishongesha yakoreshejwe mu gukwirakwiza muri pulasitiki ikoresha urumuri kugira ngo ihindure igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri mu bikoresho by’urumuri no kugenzura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa kuva ku rwego rw’ibikoresho fatizo. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abacuruzi bo mu rugo nabo batangiye kwita ku ikoreshwa n’iterambere rya pulasitiki ikoresha urumuri, urwego rwayo rwo gukoreshwa rwagutse kuva ku bice bibonerana by’urumuri kugeza ku buryo bwo gushushanya ibyuma bikoresha urumuri, abakora mu rugo mu buryo bw’urumuri bashyiramo ibice cyangwa ndetse no gukoresha pulasitiki ikoresha urumuri aho gukoresha ikirahuri. Mu gihe kizaza, niba inenge nko kudakomera neza, igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri gihinduka bitewe n’ubushyuhe, no kudashira neza bishobora kugerwaho, ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki ikoresha urumuri mu rwego rw’ibice bikoresha urumuri rizaba rinini cyane.