Incamake yumurongo utari mwiza

Incamake yumurongo wa optique hamwe na optique idafite umurongo

Ukurikije imikoranire yumucyo nibintu, optique irashobora kugabanywamo umurongo wa optique (LO) hamwe na optique idafite umurongo (NLO). Umurongo wa optique (LO) ni ishingiro rya optique ya optique, yibanda kumirongo yumucyo. Ibinyuranyo, optique idafite umurongo (NLO) ibaho mugihe ubukana bwurumuri butajyanye neza nuburyo bwiza bwibisubizo byibikoresho, cyane cyane mubihe byaka cyane, nka lazeri.

Amahitamo meza (LO)
Muri LO, urumuri rukorana nibintu bifite ubukana buke, mubisanzwe birimo fotone imwe kuri atome cyangwa molekile. Iyi mikoranire itera kugoreka cyane imiterere ya atome cyangwa molekile, igasigara muri kamere yayo, idahungabanye. Ihame ryibanze muri LO nuko dipole iterwa numuriro wamashanyarazi ihwanye neza nimbaraga zumurima. Kubwibyo, LO yujuje amahame ya superpression hamwe ninyongera. Ihame rya superposition rivuga ko iyo sisitemu ikorewe imiraba myinshi ya electromagnetiki, igisubizo cyose gihwanye nigiteranyo cyibisubizo bya buri muntu kuri buri muhengeri. Inyongera isa nayo yerekana ko igisubizo rusange cya sisitemu igoye ya optique ishobora kugenwa muguhuza ibisubizo byibintu byihariye. Umurongo muri LO bivuze ko imyitwarire yumucyo ihoraho nkuko ubukana buhinduka - ibisohoka bihwanye ninjiza. Mubyongeyeho, muri LO, nta kuvanga inshuro nyinshi, urumuri rero runyura muri sisitemu igumana inshuro zayo nubwo rwaba rwongerewe imbaraga cyangwa ruhindura icyiciro. Ingero za LO zirimo imikoranire yumucyo nibintu byibanze bya optique nka lens, indorerwamo, ibyapa byamazi, hamwe nibishimisha.

Amashanyarazi adafite umurongo (NLO)
NLO itandukanijwe nigisubizo kidafite umurongo kumucyo ukomeye, cyane cyane mubihe bikomeye cyane aho ibisohoka bidahuye nimbaraga zinjiza. Muri NLO, fotone nyinshi zikorana nibikoresho icyarimwe, bikavamo kuvanga urumuri nimpinduka mubyerekana. Bitandukanye na LO, aho imyitwarire yumucyo ikomeza kuba ititaye ku bukana, ingaruka zidafite umurongo zigaragara gusa ku mucyo ukabije. Kuri ubu bukana, amategeko asanzwe agenga imikoranire yumucyo, nkihame rya superposition, ntagikurikizwa, ndetse na vacuum ubwayo irashobora kwitwara neza. Kutagira umurongo mubikorwa hagati yumucyo nibintu bituma imikoranire iri hagati yumucyo utandukanye, bikavamo ibintu nkibisekuru bihuza, hamwe numubare hamwe nibitandukanya inshuro. Mubyongeyeho, optique idafite umurongo ikubiyemo inzira yibintu aho ingufu zoroheje zigabanywa kugirango zitange imirongo mishya, nkuko bigaragara muri amplification amplification na oscillation. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kiranga kwihinduranya-icyiciro, aho icyiciro cyumucyo uhindurwa nimbaraga zacyo - ingaruka igira uruhare runini mubitumanaho byiza.

Imikoranire yumucyo muburyo bwa optique
Muri LO, iyo urumuri ruhuye nibintu, igisubizo cyibintu bigereranywa nuburemere bwurumuri. Ibinyuranye, NLO ikubiyemo ibikoresho bititabira ubukana bwurumuri gusa, ahubwo no muburyo bugoye. Iyo urumuri rwinshi rukubise ibintu bidafite umurongo, birashobora kubyara amabara mashya cyangwa guhindura urumuri muburyo budasanzwe. Kurugero, itara ritukura rishobora guhinduka urumuri rwatsi kuko igisubizo cyibikoresho kirimo ibirenze impinduka zingana - birashobora kuba bikubiyemo inshuro ebyiri cyangwa izindi mikoranire igoye. Iyi myitwarire iganisha kumurongo wingaruka zingirakamaro zitagaragara mubikoresho bisanzwe.

Gushyira mu bikorwa tekinike ya optique
LO ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwa tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane, harimo lens, indorerwamo, amasahani yumurongo, hamwe nibishimisha. Itanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bubarwa bwo gusobanukirwa imyitwarire yumucyo muri sisitemu nyinshi ya optique. Ibikoresho nkibice byimuka hamwe nibitandukanya ibiti bikoreshwa muri LO, kandi umurima wagiye uhinduka kugeza aho imirongo ya LO imaze kumenyekana. Iyi mizunguruko ubu igaragara nkibikoresho byinshi-bikora, hamwe nibisabwa mubice nka microwave na kwant optique yo gutunganya ibimenyetso hamwe na bioheuristic computing yububiko. NLO ni shyashya kandi yahinduye imirima itandukanye binyuze mubikorwa byayo bitandukanye. Mu rwego rwitumanaho, igira uruhare runini muri sisitemu ya fibre optique, bigira ingaruka kumipaka yohereza amakuru uko ingufu za laser ziyongera. Ibikoresho byisesengura byungukirwa na NLO binyuze mubuhanga bugezweho bwa microscopi nka microscopi ya conocal, itanga ibisubizo bihanitse, byerekana amashusho. NLO kandi izamura laseri mugushoboza iterambere rya laseri nshya no guhindura ibintu byiza. Yateje imbere kandi tekiniki yerekana amashusho yo gukoresha imiti ikoresheje uburyo nkibisekuru bya kabiri-bihuza hamwe na fluorescence ebyiri. Muri biofotonike, NLO yorohereza amashusho yimbitse yingirangingo zangiritse cyane kandi itanga ibimenyetso byubusa bwibinyabuzima. Umwanya ufite tekinoroji ya terahertz yateye imbere, bituma bishoboka kubyara imbaraga zigihe kimwe cya terahertz pulses. Muri kwant optique, ingaruka zidafite umurongo zorohereza itumanaho rya kwant binyuze mugutegura guhinduranya inshuro hamwe na foton ihwanye nayo. Byongeye kandi, udushya twa NLO mukwirakwiza Brillouin twafashije gutunganya microwave no guhuza urumuri. Muri rusange, NLO ikomeje guhana imbibi zikoranabuhanga nubushakashatsi mubyiciro bitandukanye.

Amahitamo meza kandi adafite umurongo hamwe ningaruka zabyo muburyo bwikoranabuhanga rigezweho
Optics igira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya buri munsi hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho. LO itanga ishingiro rya sisitemu nyinshi zisanzwe za optique, mugihe NLO itera udushya mubice nkitumanaho, microscopi, tekinoroji ya laser, na biofotonike. Iterambere rya vuba muri NLO, cyane cyane ko rifitanye isano nibikoresho bibiri, byitabiriwe cyane bitewe nubushobozi bwabo bwinganda nubumenyi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bigezweho nka kwantum akadomo bakoresheje isesengura ryikurikiranya ryimiterere kandi idafite umurongo. Mugihe ubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere, gusobanukirwa hamwe na LO na NLO ningirakamaro muguhindura imipaka yikoranabuhanga no kwagura ubumenyi bwa optique.