Ikoreshwa rya Photoelectric detection tekinoroji irambuye igice cya ONE

Igice cya KIMWE

1, gutahura binyuze muburyo runaka bwumubiri, gutandukanya umubare wibipimo byapimwe ni urwego runaka, kugirango umenye niba ibipimo byapimwe byujuje ibisabwa cyangwa niba umubare wibipimo uhari. Inzira yo kugereranya ingano itazwi yapimwe nubunini busanzwe bwa kamere imwe, kugena ubwinshi bwumubare usanzwe wapimwe nitsinda ryapimwe, no kwerekana ibi byinshi mubare.
Mu rwego rwo kwimenyekanisha no gutahura, umurimo wo gutahura ntabwo ari ukugenzura no gupima ibicuruzwa byarangiye cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye, ariko nanone kugira ngo ugenzure, ugenzure kandi ugenzure inzira y’umusaruro cyangwa ikintu cyimuka kugira ngo ukore mu buryo bwiza bwatoranijwe n’abantu, ni ngombwa kumenya no gupima ingano n’impinduka z’ibipimo bitandukanye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Ubu buhanga bwo kumenya igihe nyacyo no gupima inzira yumusaruro nibintu byimuka nabyo byitwa tekinoroji yo kugenzura.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo gupima: gupima mu buryo butaziguye no gupima mu buryo butaziguye
Ibipimo bitaziguye ni ugupima agaciro gapimwe ko gusoma metero nta kubara, nka: gukoresha termometero gupima ubushyuhe, ukoresheje multimeter yo gupima voltage
Ibipimo bitaziguye ni ugupima ibintu byinshi bifatika bifitanye isano no gupimwa, no kubara agaciro gapimwe binyuze mubikorwa bifatika. Kurugero, imbaraga P zifitanye isano na voltage V nubu I, ni ukuvuga, P = VI, kandi imbaraga zibarwa mugupima voltage numuyoboro.
Ibipimo bitaziguye biroroshye kandi byoroshye, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubikorwa. Ariko, mugihe aho gupima bitaziguye bidashoboka, gupima mu buryo butaziguye ntibyoroshye cyangwa ikosa ryo gupimwa ritaziguye ni rinini, gupima mu buryo butaziguye birashobora gukoreshwa.
Igitekerezo cyamafoto yumuriro na sensor
Imikorere ya sensor ni uguhindura ubwinshi butari amashanyarazi mubisohoka mumashanyarazi hamwe numubano ufitanye isano ihamye, mubyukuri ni intera iri hagati ya sisitemu itari iy'amashanyarazi na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Muburyo bwo gutahura no kugenzura, sensor nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo guhindura. Duhereye ku mbaraga, sensor irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: imwe ni sensor igenzura ingufu, izwi kandi nka sensor ikora; Ibindi ni sensor yo guhindura imbaraga, izwi kandi nka pasiporo sensor. Igenzura ryingufu bivuga sensor izapimwa muguhindura ibipimo byamashanyarazi (nko kurwanya, ubushobozi) impinduka, sensor ikeneye kongeramo amashanyarazi ashimishije, irashobora gupimwa ibipimo bihinduka mumashanyarazi, impinduka zubu. Imbaraga zihindura imbaraga zirashobora guhindura muburyo butaziguye impinduka zapimwe muguhindura imbaraga za voltage nubu, nta nkomoko yo kwishima yo hanze.
Kenshi na kenshi, ingano itari iy'amashanyarazi igomba gupimwa ntabwo ari ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi sensor ishobora guhindura, bisaba kongeramo igikoresho cyangwa igikoresho imbere ya sensor ishobora guhindura umubare utari amashanyarazi wapimwe mubwinshi butari amashanyarazi sensor ishobora kwakira no guhindura. Ibigize cyangwa igikoresho gishobora guhindura amashanyarazi yapimwe mumashanyarazi aboneka ni sensor. Kurugero, mugihe upimye voltage hamwe nigipimo cyumubyigano, birakenewe ko uhuza igipimo cyimiterere yibintu byoroshye bya elastike yumuvuduko wo kugurisha, ikintu cya elastike gihindura umuvuduko imbaraga zingutu, naho igipimo cyimiterere gihindura imbaraga zimpinduka mukurwanya. Hano igipimo cyerekana ni sensor, naho ibintu bya elastike ni sensor. Rukuruzi hamwe na sensor byombi birashobora guhindura amashanyarazi yapimwe igihe icyo aricyo cyose, ariko sensor ihindura amashanyarazi yapimwe adafite amashanyarazi aboneka adafite amashanyarazi, naho sensor ihindura amashanyarazi yapimwe mumashanyarazi.

2, icyuma gifata amashanyaraziishingiye ku ngaruka zifotora, ibimenyetso byurumuri mubyuma byamashanyarazi, bikoreshwa cyane mugucunga byikora, ikirere na radio na tereviziyo nizindi nzego.
Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi birimo cyane cyane fotodiode, fototransistors, abafotora Cds, fotokopi, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi, fotokeli hamwe na sensor. Imbonerahamwe yubwoko nyamukuru irerekanwa mumashusho hepfo. Mubikorwa bifatika, birakenewe guhitamo sensor ikwiye kugirango ugere kubikorwa byifuzwa. Ihame rusange ryo guhitamo ni:kwihuta kwifoto yerekana amashanyaraziumuzenguruko, intera yagutse ya metero yamurika, ultra-yihuta yihuta ya laser sensor igomba guhitamo fotodiode; Icyuma cyoroshye cya pulselectric sensor ya ibihumbi byinshi Hertz hamwe na pulse yihuta ya pulse yihuta mumashanyarazi yoroshye igomba guhitamo Phototransistor; Nubwo umuvuduko wo gusubiza utinda, sensor yikiraro irwanya imikorere myiza hamwe na sensor ya fotoelectric hamwe numutungo wo guhangana, sensor ya fotoelectric mumashanyarazi yumucyo wumucyo wamatara yo kumuhanda, hamwe nimpinduka ihindagurika ihinduka ukurikije imbaraga zumucyo igomba guhitamo ibintu bya Cds na Pbs; Kode ya rotary, ibyuma byihuta hamwe na ultra-yihuta yihuta ya laser sensor igomba guhuzwa na sensororo yifoto.
Ubwoko bwa sensororo yubwoko Urugero rwicyuma gifata amashanyarazi
Ihuriro rya PNPN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GaAs)
PIN Photodiode (ibikoresho bya Si)
Avalanche Photodiode(Si, Ge)
Phototransistor (IfotoDarlington tube) (Si material)
Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi hamwe na thyristor ya fotoelectric (Si material)
Amafoto adahuza pn (ibikoresho ukoresheje CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Ibikoresho bya Thermoelectric (ibikoresho byakoreshejwe (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
Ubwoko bwa elegitoronike yerekana amafoto, kamera ya kamera, umuyoboro wa Photomultiplier
Ibindi bikoresho byerekana amabara (Si, α-Si ibikoresho)
Igikoresho gikomeye cyerekana amashusho (Si ibikoresho, ubwoko bwa CCD, ubwoko bwa MOS, ubwoko bwa CPD
Ikibanza cyo kumenya imyanya (PSD) (Si material)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si kubikoresho)