Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashanyarazi rirambuye igice cya KABIRI

Intangiriro y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashanyarazi
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashanyarazi ni rimwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’amakuru ajyanye n’amashanyarazi, rigizwe ahanini n’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura amashanyarazi, kubona amakuru ajyanye n’amakuru ...

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashanyarazi rihuza ikoranabuhanga ry’amatara n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ripime ingano zitandukanye, rifite ibi bikurikira:
1. Ubuhanga bwo gupima amashanyarazi buri hejuru cyane. Ubuhanga bwo gupima amashanyarazi buri hejuru cyane mu buryo bwose bwo gupima. Urugero, ubuhanga bwo gupima uburebure hakoreshejwe laser interferometry bushobora kugera kuri 0.05μm/m; Ubuhanga bwo gupima inguni hakoreshejwe grating moire fringe bushobora kugerwaho. Ubuhanga bwo gupima intera iri hagati y'isi n'ukwezi hakoreshejwe laser ranging bushobora kugera kuri metero 1.
2. Umuvuduko mwinshi. Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi gifata urumuri nk'igikoresho, kandi urumuri ni rwo rukwirakwira vuba mu bintu byose, kandi nta gushidikanya ko ari rwo rwihuse cyane mu kubona no kohereza amakuru hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
3. Intera ndende, ahantu hanini. Umucyo ni wo buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha mu kugenzura kure no gukoresha telemetri, nko kuyobora intwaro, gukurikirana amashanyarazi, telemetri ya televiziyo n'ibindi.
4. Gupima bidahuye. Urumuri ku kintu cyapimwe rushobora gufatwa nk'imbaraga zo gupima, bityo nta gushwanyagurika, gupima ibintu bihinduka bishobora kugerwaho, kandi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gupima mu buryo butandukanye.
5. Kuramba. Mu by’ukuri, imiraba y’urumuri ntijya ishaje, igihe cyose ubushobozi bwo kongera kubyara bukozwe neza, bushobora gukoreshwa iteka ryose.
6. Hamwe n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutunganya amakuru no kuyakoresha mu kubara, amakuru agoye ashobora gutunganywa icyarimwe. Uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi buroroshye kugenzura no kubika amakuru, bworoshye kuyakoresha mu buryo bwikora, bworoshye kuyahuza na mudasobwa, kandi bworoshye kuyakoresha mu kubara gusa.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashanyarazi ni ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ingenzi mu bumenyi bwa none, iterambere ry'igihugu n'imibereho y'abantu, ni ikoranabuhanga rishya rihuza imashini, urumuri, amashanyarazi na mudasobwa, kandi ni rimwe mu ikoranabuhanga rishoboka cyane mu itumanaho.
Icya gatatu, imiterere n'imiterere ya sisitemu yo gupima amashanyarazi
Kubera uburyo ibintu byageragejwe bitoroshye kandi bitandukanye, imiterere ya sisitemu yo gupima ntabwo ari imwe. Sisitemu rusange yo gupima ikoranabuhanga igizwe n'ibice bitatu: sensor, conditioner y'ibimenyetso n'umuyoboro w'ibisohoka.
Iyi sensor ni uburyo bwo guhindura ibimenyetso ku murongo uhuza ikintu cyapimwe na sisitemu yo kubitahura. Ikura amakuru yapimwe mu kintu cyapimwe, ikumva impinduka zacyo, hanyuma ikayahinduramo ibipimo by'amashanyarazi byoroshye gupima.
Ibimenyetso byabonetse n'ibipima ubusanzwe ni ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Ntabwo bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo butaziguye by'umusaruro, bisaba impinduka, gutunganya no gusesengura byinshi, ni ukuvuga, binyuze mu buryo bwo guhuza ibimenyetso kugira ngo bihindurwemo ikimenyetso gisanzwe cy'amashanyarazi, umusaruro ujya ku muyoboro usohoka.
Dukurikije intego n'imiterere y'umusaruro wa sisitemu yo gutahura, umurongo usohoka ahanini ni igikoresho cyo kwerekana no gufata amajwi, igikoresho cyo gutumanaho amakuru n'igikoresho cyo kugenzura.
Urusobe rw'ibimenyetso bya sensor rugenwa n'ubwoko bwa sensor n'ibisabwa ku kimenyetso cy'ibisohoka. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye by'ibisohoka. Umusaruro wa sensor igenzura ingufu ni impinduka z'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, bigomba guhindurwamo impinduka ya voltage na circuit ya bridge, kandi umusaruro wa voltage wa circuit ya bridge ni muto, kandi voltage isanzwe ni nini, igomba kongerwa n'icyuma gitera imbaraga. Voltage n'ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bisohoka na sensor ihindura ingufu muri rusange biba bifite ibimenyetso by'urusaku runini. Urusobe rw'ibikoresho rukenewe kugira ngo havemo ibimenyetso by'ingirakamaro kandi hasukurwe ibimenyetso by'urusaku rudafite akamaro. Byongeye kandi, uburebure bw'umusaruro wa voltage na sensor rusange y'ingufu ni buke cyane, kandi bushobora kongerwa n'icyuma gitera imbaraga.
Ugereranyije n'icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi, inshuro gitwara amashanyarazi yiyongeraho imiterere myinshi. Iri hinduka mu miterere y'inshuro rituma icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi kigira impinduka nziza mu buryo bwo gukora no kuzamuka mu mikorere. Bigaragarira cyane mu bushobozi bw'icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo kwerekana imiterere y'ingufu, ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza imiterere y'ingufu n'ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza imiterere y'ingufu birarushaho kuba byiza, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'imiyoboro, radar, itumanaho, ubuyobozi bunoze, uburyo bwo kugenzura, gupima n'ibindi. Nubwo imiterere yihariye ya icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi ikoreshwa muri ibi bihe itandukanye, ifite imiterere imwe, ni ukuvuga ko byose bifite aho bihurira n'icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'icyuma gifata amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zikunze kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: active na passive. Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikora, transmitter y'amatara igizwe ahanini n'isoko ry'urumuri (nka laser) na modulator. Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikora passive, transmitter y'amatara isohora imirasire y'ubushyuhe iva mu kintu kirimo kugeragezwa. Imiyoboro y'amatara n'ibikoresho by'amatara ni bimwe kuri byombi. Icyo bita optique channel ahanini kivuga ikirere, ikirere, munsi y'amazi na fibre y'amatara. Receiver y'amatara ikoreshwa mu gukusanya ikimenyetso cy'amatara no kugitunganya kugira ngo igarure amakuru y'ibikoresho by'amatara, harimo module eshatu z'ibanze.
Guhindura amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe fotoelectric ubusanzwe bigerwaho binyuze mu bikoresho bitandukanye by’urumuri n’uburyo bw’urumuri, hakoreshejwe indorerwamo zigororotse, utudomo tw’urumuri, lenses, cone prisms, polarizers, wave plates, code plates, grating, modulators, optical imaging systems, optical interference systems, nibindi, kugira ngo hagerwe ku ihinduka ryapimwe mu bipimo by’urumuri (amplitude, frequency, phase, position polarization, impinduka z’icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza, nibindi). Guhindura amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe fotoelectric bikorwa n’ibikoresho bitandukanye byo guhindura amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe fotoelectric, nk’ibikoresho byo gutahura amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe fotoelectric, ibikoresho bya kamera hakoreshejwe fotoelectric, ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe fotoelectric nibindi.