Gukwirakwiza lazeri

Gukwirakwiza lazeri

"Polarisation" ni ibintu bisanzwe biranga lazeri zitandukanye, bigenwa nihame ryo gushiraho lazeri. Uwitekalaser beamikorwa nimirasire ikangura yumucyo wohereza urumuri imbere murilaser. Imirasire ikangura ifite ibintu bidasanzwe biranga: iyo fotone yo hanze ikubise agace kamwe mumbaraga zingufu nyinshi, agace kerekana fotone hanyuma ikajya mumbaraga nkeya. Fotone yakozwe muriki gikorwa ifite icyiciro kimwe, icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza hamwe na polarisiyasi nka fotone yo mumahanga. Iyo imigezi ya fotone ikozwe muri lazeri, fotone yose muburyo bwa fotone isangira icyiciro kimwe, icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza, hamwe na polarisiyasi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwa laser longitudinal mode (frequency) igomba kuba polarize.

Laseri zose ntabwo zifite polarize. Imiterere ya polarisiyasi ya laser yibasiwe nibintu byinshi, harimo:
.urumuri, isura yanyuma ya resonator isanzwe iba ifite firime yongerewe imbaraga. Dukurikije amategeko ya Fresnel, ibikorwa bya firime yerekana ibintu byinshi bituma urumuri rwanyuma rugaragaza guhinduka kuva mumucyo karemano ukajya kumurongourumuri rukabije.
2. Ibiranga inyungu ziciriritse: ibisekuruza bya laser bishingiye kumirasire ikangura. Iyo atome zishimye zisohora fotone zishimishijwe na fotone yo mumahanga, izo fotone ziranyeganyega mucyerekezo kimwe (leta ya polarisiyasi) na fotone yo mumahanga, bigatuma lazeri igumana leta ihamye kandi idasanzwe. Ndetse impinduka ntoya muri polarisiyasi izungururwa na resonator kuko ihindagurika rihamye ridashobora kubaho.

Mubikorwa nyabyo byo gukora lazeri, isahani yumurongo hamwe na kristu ya polarisiyasi isanzwe yongerwaho imbere muri lazeri kugirango ikemure imiterere ya resonator, kugirango leta ya polarisiyasi mumyanya idasanzwe. Ibi ntibituma ingufu za lazeri zirushaho kwibanda gusa, gukora neza birarenze, ariko kandi birinda igihombo cyatewe no kudashobora guhungabana. Kubwibyo, imiterere ya polarisiyasi ya laser biterwa nibintu byinshi nkimiterere ya resonator, imiterere yinyungu ziciriritse hamwe nuburyo bwo kunyeganyega, kandi ntabwo buri gihe byihariye.