Ihame n'iterambere ry'ibintu bitanga urumuri bikwirakwiza

Igice cy’urumuri cya Diffraction ni ubwoko bw’igice cy’urumuri gifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri cyane, gishingiye ku nyigisho y’urumuri rwa diffraction kandi gikoresha igishushanyo mbonera gifashijwe na mudasobwa n’uburyo bwo gukora utubumbe tw’imashini kugira ngo gishushanye intambwe cyangwa imiterere ihoraho ku gice cy’urumuri (cyangwa ubuso bw’igikoresho gakondo cya optique). Ibintu by’urumuri bya Diffraction ni bito, byoroheje, bito, bifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri cyane, imiterere myinshi y’ubwisanzure, ubushyuhe bwiza buhamye n’imiterere yihariye yo gukwirakwiza. Ni ibice by’ingenzi by’ibikoresho byinshi bya optique. Kubera ko gukwirakwiza urumuri buri gihe bitera kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri cyane, optique gakondo ihora igerageza kwirinda ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza urumuri kugeza mu myaka ya 1960, hamwe n’ivumburwa no gukora neza kwa holography ya analog na hologram ya mudasobwa ndetse na phase diagram byateje impinduka nini mu gitekerezo. Mu myaka ya 1970, nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya hologram ya mudasobwa na phase diagram ryari rigenda rirushaho kuba ryiza, byari bigoye gukora ibintu by’imiterere ya hyperfine bifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri cyane mu bunini bw’uburebure bugaragara kandi hafi ya infrared, bityo bigabanyiriza ikoreshwa ry’ibintu by’urumuri bya diffraction. Mu myaka ya 1980, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryayobowe na WBVeldkamp wo muri Laboratwari ya MIT Lincoln muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryatangije bwa mbere ikoranabuhanga rya lithography ryo gukora VLSI mu gukora ibice by’urumuri bikwirakwiza urumuri, maze batanga igitekerezo cya "binary optics". Nyuma y’ibyo, uburyo bushya butandukanye bwo gutunganya ibintu bukomeje kugaragara, harimo no gukora ibice by’urumuri bitanga urumuri byiza kandi bifite imikorere myinshi. Bityo byateje imbere cyane iterambere ry’ibintu by’urumuri bikwirakwiza urumuri.

Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza neza ibintu bikoresha optique

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya urumuri ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bifasha mu gusuzuma ibintu by’urumuri bivanze n’uburyo bwo gutandukanya urumuri hamwe n’ibintu by’urumuri bivanze n’ibintu by’urumuri bivanze. Nyuma y’uko urumuri runyuze mu kintu cy’urumuri gitandukanya urumuri, hazakorwa urutonde rw’urumuri rwinshi. Muri rusange, urumuri rw’umurongo w’urumuri runini ni rwo rwonyine rugomba kwitabwaho. Urumuri rw’izindi ngingo z’urumuri ruzakora urumuri rudasobanutse ku murongo w’ishusho y’umurongo w’urumuri runini kandi rugabanye itandukaniro ry’umurongo w’ishusho. Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya urumuri bw’ikintu cy’urumuri bigabanya urumuri bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw’ishusho y’ikintu cy’urumuri gitandukanya urumuri.

Iterambere ry'ibintu bitanga urumuri bikwirakwiza

Bitewe n'igice cy'urumuri gikoresha imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'ishusho yacyo yo kugenzura imirasire y'izuba, sisitemu n'igikoresho byayo birimo gutera imbere mu buryo bw'urumuri, bikozwe mu buryo buciriritse kandi bihujwe. Kugeza mu myaka ya 1990, inyigo y'ibice by'urumuri bikoresha imirasire y'izuba yabaye iya mbere mu ishami ry'urumuri. Ibi bice bishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu gukosora imirasire y'izuba hakoreshejwe laser, gushushanya imirasire y'izuba, gukwirakwiza imirasire y'izuba hakoreshejwe imirasire y'izuba, guhuza imirasire y'izuba, kubara imirasire y'izuba hakoreshejwe imirasire y'izuba, itumanaho rya satellite optical n'ibindi.