Itumanaho rya Quantum ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga ry'amakuru rya quantum. Rifite ibyiza byo kugira ibanga ryinshi, ubushobozi bunini bw'itumanaho, umuvuduko wihuse wo kohereza amakuru, n'ibindi. Rishobora kurangiza imirimo yihariye itumanaho rya kera ridashobora kugeraho. Itumanaho rya Quantum rishobora gukoresha sisitemu y'imfunguzo bwite, idashobora gusobanurwa kugira ngo rimenye neza itumanaho ritekanye, bityo itumanaho rya Quantum ryabaye irya mbere mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Itumanaho rya Quantum rikoresha imiterere ya Quantum nk'ikintu cy'amakuru kugira ngo rimenye neza ihererekanyamakuru. Ni indi mpinduramatwara mu mateka y'itumanaho nyuma y'itumanaho rya telefoni n'iry'ikoranabuhanga.
Ibice by'ingenzi by'itumanaho rya quantum:
Gukwirakwiza urufunguzo rw'ibanga rya Quantum:
Gukwirakwiza urufunguzo rw'ibanga rwa Quantum ntibikoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru y'ibanga. Nyamara, ni ugushyiraho no gutanga igitabo cy'ibanga, ni ukuvuga guha urufunguzo rw'ibanga impande zombi z'itumanaho bwite, rizwi nka quantum cryptography communication.
Mu 1984, Bennett wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na brassart wo muri Kanada batanze protocole ya BB84, ikoresha quantum bits nk'abatwara amakuru kugira ngo bashyireho quantum states bakoresheje imiterere ya polarization y'urumuri kugira ngo bakore kandi bakwirakwize neza imfunguzo z'ibanga. Mu 1992, Bennett yatanze protocole ya B92 ishingiye kuri quantum ebyiri zitari iza orthogonal zifite flow yoroshye n'imikorere myiza ya kimwe cya kabiri. Izi gahunda zombi zishingiye kuri seti imwe cyangwa nyinshi za orthogonal na nonothogonal single quantum states. Amaherezo, mu 1991, Ekert wo mu Bwongereza yatanze E91 ishingiye kuri state ya two-particle maximum entanglement, ari yo EPR pair.
Mu 1998, hatanzwe indi gahunda y’itumanaho rya quantum ya leta esheshatu yo guhitamo polarization ku bice bitatu bifatanye bigizwe na state enye za polarization hamwe no kuzunguruka ibumoso n’iburyo muri protocole ya BB84. protocole ya BB84 yagaragaye ko ari uburyo bwizewe bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwizewe, butigeze busenywa n’umuntu uwo ari we wese kugeza ubu. Ihame ryo kudasobanukirwa neza kwa quantum no kudahuza kwa quantum rituma habaho umutekano usesuye. Kubwibyo, protocole ya EPR ifite agaciro k’ingenzi mu by’imitekerereze. Ihuza state ya quantum ivanze n’itumanaho rya quantum ritekanye kandi igafungura uburyo bushya bwo gutumanaho mu buryo bwizewe kwa quantum.
Kwantumu yo kohereza amakuru:
Inyigisho yo gukwirakwiza quantum yatanzwe na Bennett n'abandi bahanga mu bya siyansi mu bihugu bitandatu mu 1993 ni uburyo bwo kohereza quantum bukoresha umuyoboro wa state ifite ibice bibiri byagutse kugira ngo yohereze state ya quantum itazwi, kandi igipimo cy'intsinzi yo gukwirakwiza quantum kizagera ku 100% [2].
Mu 199, itsinda rya Zeilinger ryo muri Otirishiya ryarangije igerageza rya mbere ry’ihame rya quantum teleportation muri laboratwari. Muri filime nyinshi, inkuru nk’iyo ikunze kugaragara: ishusho y’amayobera ihita ibura ahantu hamwe mu buryo butunguranye. Ariko, kubera ko quantum teleportation inyuranyije n’ihame rya quantum non-cloning na Heisenberg udasobanutse neza mu buryo bwa quantum mechanics, ni ubwoko bw’ubuhanga mu itumanaho rya kera.
Ariko, igitekerezo kidasanzwe cyo gufungana kwa quantum cyinjijwe mu itumanaho rya quantum, rigabanya amakuru atazwi y’imiterere ya quantum y’umwimerere mo ibice bibiri: amakuru ya quantum n’amakuru ya kera, bituma iki gitangaza gitangaje kibaho. Amakuru ya quantum ni amakuru atakuwe mu buryo bwo gupima, naho amakuru ya kera ni yo apimwa umwimerere.
Iterambere mu itumanaho rya quantum:
Kuva mu 1994, itumanaho rya quantum ryagiye rigera ku rwego rw'igerageza buhoro buhoro, ritera imbere rigana ku ntego ifatika, ifite agaciro gakomeye mu iterambere n'inyungu z'ubukungu. Mu 1997, pan Jianwei, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w'Umushinwa ukiri muto, akaba na bow meister, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w'Umuholandi, yagerageje kandi abona uburyo imiterere ya quantum itazwi yoherezwa kure.
Muri Mata 2004, Sorensen n'abandi babonye uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru ya kilometero 1.45 hagati y'amabanki ku nshuro ya mbere bakoresheje uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru ya quantum, bigaragaza uburyo itumanaho rya quantum rikorwa kuva muri laboratwari kugeza ku rwego rwo kuyikoresha. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya quantum ryakuruye ibitekerezo bikomeye bya za guverinoma, inganda, n'amashuri makuru. Amwe mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga azwi cyane arimo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'amakuru ya quantum, nka sosiyete y'Abongereza ya telefoni na Telegraph, bell, IBM, muri laboratwari za & T muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, sosiyete ya Toshiba mu Buyapani, sosiyete ya Siemens mu Budage, n'ahandi. Byongeye kandi, mu 2008, "umushinga w'iterambere ry'umuyoboro w'itumanaho ryizewe ku isi ushingiye ku gushushanya kwa quantum" washyizeho umuyoboro w'itumanaho ryizewe ufite node 7.
Mu 2010, ikinyamakuru Time cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyatangaje intsinzi y’igerageza rya quantum ryakozwe n’Ubushinwa rya kilometero 16 mu gice cy’"amakuru ashyushye" gifite umutwe ugira uti "urusaku rw’ubumenyi bwa quantum bw’Ubushinwa," bigaragaza ko Ubushinwa bushobora gushyiraho umuyoboro w’itumanaho rya quantum hagati y’ubutaka n’icyogajuru [3]. Mu 2010, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku itumanaho n’itumanaho mu Buyapani na Mitsubishi Electric na NEC, ID byapimwe na Suwisi, Toshiba Europe Limited, na Vienne yose ya Otirishiya byashinze umuyoboro w’itumanaho wa quantum ugizwe n’ibice bitandatu "Tokyo QKD network" i Tokyo. Uyu muyoboro wibanda ku byavuye mu bushakashatsi buheruka bw’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi n’ibigo bifite iterambere ryinshi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho rya quantum mu Buyapani no mu Burayi.
Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. iherereye mu "Silicon Valley" mu Bushinwa - Beijing Zhongguancun, ni ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho cyihaye inshingano zo gukorera ibigo by’ubushakashatsi byo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, za kaminuza n’abakozi b’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu bigo. Isosiyete yacu ikora cyane cyane ubushakashatsi bwigenga n’iterambere, gushushanya, gukora, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya optoelectronic, kandi itanga ibisubizo bishya na serivisi z’umwuga ku bashakashatsi ba siyansi n’abahanga mu nganda. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’udushya twigenga, yakoze urukurikirane rw’ibicuruzwa bikungahaye kandi byuzuye by’amashanyarazi, bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’umujyi, iza gisirikare, ubwikorezi, ingufu z’amashanyarazi, imari, uburezi, ubuvuzi n’izindi nganda.
Twiteguye gukorana nawe!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-05-2023