Itumanaho rya Quantum nigice cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga ryamakuru. Ifite ibyiza byibanga ryuzuye, ubushobozi bwitumanaho rinini, umuvuduko wihuse, nibindi. Irashobora kurangiza imirimo yihariye itumanaho rya kera ridashobora kugeraho. Itumanaho rya Quantum rirashobora gukoresha sisitemu yingenzi yigenga, idashobora gusobanurwa kugirango tumenye neza itumanaho ryizewe, bityo itumanaho rya kwant ryabaye umwanya wambere mubumenyi nikoranabuhanga kwisi. Itumanaho rya Quantum rikoresha kwant leta nkibintu byamakuru kugirango tumenye neza amakuru neza. Nindi mpinduramatwara mumateka yitumanaho nyuma ya terefone n'itumanaho ryiza.
Ibice nyamukuru bigize itumanaho rya kwant ：
Quantum ibanga urufunguzo rwo gukwirakwiza ：
Quantum ibanga urufunguzo rwo gukwirakwiza ntirukoreshwa mu kohereza ibanga. Biracyaza, ni ugushiraho no kumenyekanisha igitabo cipher, ni ukuvuga, kugenera urufunguzo rwihariye kumpande zombi zitumanaho bwite, bikunze kwitwa itumanaho rya kwantum.
Mu 1984, Bennett wo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika hamwe n’umuringa wa Kanada basabye protocole ya BB84, ikoresha ibisobanuro bya kwant nk'abatwara amakuru kugira ngo bahuze leta ya kwantum bakoresheje ibiranga urumuri kugira ngo bamenye ibisekuruza no gukwirakwiza neza urufunguzo rwibanga. Mu 1992, Bennett yatanze protocole ya B92 ishingiye kumyanya ibiri ya kwantant idasanzwe hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri. Izi gahunda zombi zishingiye kumurongo umwe cyangwa nyinshi za orthogonal na nonorthogonal imwe ya kwant leta. Amaherezo, mu 1991, Ekert yo mu Bwongereza yasabye E91 ishingiye ku bice bibiri bigize leta ntarengwa, aribyo EPR.
Mu 1998, hashyizweho indi gahunda itandatu ya leta itumanaho ya kwantani yo gutoranya polarisiyasi ku bice bitatu bifatanyijemo bigizwe na leta enye za polarisiyasi hanyuma ibumoso no kuzunguruka neza muri protocole ya BB84. Porotokole ya BB84 byagaragaye ko ari uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza umutekano muke, butaracibwa n’umuntu kugeza ubu. Ihame rya kwant idashidikanywaho na kwant itari clone byemeza umutekano wuzuye. Kubwibyo, protocole ya EPR ifite agaciro ka ngombwa. Ihuza kwant ya leta ifatanye hamwe na kwant itumanaho itekanye kandi ikingura inzira nshya yo gutumanaho kwa kwant.
kwant teleportation ：
Igitekerezo cya kwant teleportasiyo cyatanzwe na Bennett hamwe nabandi bahanga mu bihugu bitandatu mu 1993 ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza kwantum ikoresha umuyoboro w’ibice bibiri by’ibice byinshi bifatanyirijwe mu kwanduza leta ya kwant itazwi, kandi intsinzi ya teleportasiyo izagera ku 100% [ 2].
Mu 199, a. Itsinda rya Zeilinger ryo muri Otirishiya ryarangije kugenzura bwa mbere igeragezwa ryihame rya kwant teleportasiyo muri laboratoire. Muri firime nyinshi, umugambi nkuyu ukunze kugaragara: igishusho kidasanzwe kibura gitunguranye ahantu hamwe gitunguranye gisa nikibanza. Nyamara, kubera ko kwantum teleportasiyo irenga ihame rya kwant idakwirakwiza hamwe na Heisenberg kutamenya neza ubukanishi bwa kwant, ni ubwoko bwa siyanse ya siyanse mu itumanaho rya kera.
Nyamara, igitekerezo kidasanzwe cyo kwangirika kwinjizwa mu itumanaho rya kwant, rigabanya amakuru ya leta atazwi amakuru yumwimerere mu bice bibiri: amakuru ya kwantani namakuru ya kera, ibyo bigatuma igitangaza kidasanzwe kibaho. Ibisobanuro bya Quantum namakuru adakuwe mubikorwa byo gupima, kandi amakuru ya kera ni igipimo cyambere.
Iterambere mu itumanaho rya kwant ：
Kuva mu 1994, itumanaho rya kwant ryagiye buhoro buhoro mu cyiciro cy’igerageza kandi rigana ku ntego ifatika, rifite agaciro keza mu iterambere n’inyungu z’ubukungu. Mu 1997, pan Jianwei, umuhanga mu bya siyansi w’umushinwa, na bow meister, umuhanga w’Ubuholandi, yagerageje kandi amenya ko kwanduza kure kw’ibihugu bitazwi.
Muri Mata 2004, Sorensen n'abandi. Kumenyekanisha amakuru 1.45 km hagati yamabanki kunshuro yambere ukoresheje kugabanganya kwantumanganya, bikerekana itumanaho rya kwant kuva muri laboratoire kugeza kurwego rwo gusaba. Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryitabiriwe na guverinoma, inganda, na za kaminuza. Amwe mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga azwi cyane kandi aratera imbere cyane mu kwamamaza amakuru ya kwant, nka terefone yo mu Bwongereza na Telegraph, inzogera, IBM, muri laboratoire ya & T muri Amerika, isosiyete ya Toshiba mu Buyapani, isosiyete ya Siemens mu Budage, n'ibindi. 2008, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi “umushinga wo guteza imbere itumanaho ry’itumanaho ku isi hose ushingiye kuri kwantumasi” washyizeho umuyoboro w’itumanaho ufite umutekano 7.
Mu mwaka wa 2010, ikinyamakuru Time cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika cyatangaje ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kilometero 16 mu Bushinwa bwa teleportasiyo ya televiziyo mu nkingi y '“amakuru aturika” bwiswe “gusimbuka Ubumenyi bwa Quantum Science,” byerekana ko Ubushinwa bushobora gushyiraho umuyoboro w’itumanaho hagati ya butaka hamwe na satelite [3]. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iperereza n’itumanaho ry’Ubuyapani na Mitsubishi Electric na NEC, indangamuntu yagereranijwe mu Busuwisi, Toshiba Europe Limited, na Vienne yose yo muri Otirishiya bashizeho imiyoboro itandatu y’itumanaho rya metropolitan “Tokyo QKD umuyoboro” muri Tokiyo. Umuyoboro wibanze ku bisubizo bishya byubushakashatsi bwibigo byubushakashatsi n’amasosiyete afite urwego rwo hejuru rwiterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rya kwant mu Buyapani n’Uburayi.
Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd iherereye mu Bushinwa “Silicon Valley” - Beijing Zhongguancun, ni ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye cyahariwe gukorera ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, kaminuza ndetse n’abakozi bashinzwe ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi. Isosiyete yacu ikora cyane cyane mubushakashatsi niterambere byigenga, gushushanya, gukora, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya optoelectronic, kandi bitanga ibisubizo bishya hamwe na serivise zumwuga, zihariye kubashakashatsi ba siyanse n'abashinzwe inganda. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yo guhanga udushya, yakoze urutonde rwinshi kandi rwuzuye rwibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, bikoreshwa cyane mumijyi, igisirikare, ubwikorezi, amashanyarazi, imari, uburezi, ubuvuzi nizindi nganda.
Dutegereje ubufatanye nawe!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-05-2023