Ihame nuburyo bugezweho bwa fotodetekeri ya avalanche (APD Photodetector) Igice cya kabiri

Ihame n'ibihe byaifoto ya avalanche (APD ifotora) Igice cya kabiri

2.2 Imiterere ya chip ya APD
Imiterere ya chip ifatika niyo garanti yibanze yibikoresho bikora neza. Igishushanyo mbonera cya APD gifata cyane cyane igihe cya RC gihoraho, gufata umwobo kuri heterojunction, igihe cyo gutwara abantu binyuze mukarere ka depletion nibindi. Iterambere ryimiterere yaryo muri make muri make:

(1) Imiterere shingiro
Imiterere yoroshye ya APD ishingiye kuri PIN fotodiode, akarere ka P nakarere ka N karakuwe cyane, kandi N-bwoko bwa P cyangwa ubwoko bwa P-bwikubye kabiri bwinjizwa mukarere kegeranye P cyangwa akarere ka N kugirango habeho electroni ya kabiri nu mwobo bibiri, kugirango tumenye amplification ya fotokopi yibanze. Kubikoresho bya InP byuruhererekane, kubera ko coeffisiyonike yibikorwa bya ionisiyoneri iruta iya elegitoronike ya ionisiyoneri, akarere kunguka ka N-doping isanzwe ishyirwa mukarere ka P. Mubihe byiza, gusa ibyobo byinjizwa mukarere kunguka, iyi miterere rero yitwa imiterere yatewe umwobo.

(2) Absorption ninyungu biratandukanye
Bitewe nubunini bwagutse buranga InP (InP ni 1.35eV na InGaAs ni 0,75eV), InP isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byunguka na InGaAs nkibikoresho byo kwinjiza.

(3) Kwinjiza, kugabanuka no kunguka (SAGM) ibyateganijwe birasabwa
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi byubucuruzi bya APD bikoresha ibikoresho bya InP / InGaAs, InGaAs nkigice cyo kwinjiza, InP munsi yumuriro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi (> 5x105V / cm) nta gusenyuka, irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byunguka. Kuri ibi bikoresho, igishushanyo cyiyi APD nuko inzira ya avalanche ikorwa muburyo bwa N-bwoko bwa InP no kugongana nu mwobo. Urebye itandukaniro rinini mu cyuho cya bande hagati ya InP na InGaAs, itandukaniro ryingufu zingana na 0.4eV mugice cya valence bituma imyobo ikorwa murwego rwo kwinjiza InGaAs ihagarikwa kumpera ya heterojunction mbere yo kugera kumurongo wa InP ugwiza kandi umuvuduko ni mwinshi yagabanutse, bivamo igihe kirekire cyo gusubiza hamwe nubunini bwagutse bwiyi APD. Iki kibazo gishobora gukemurwa hiyongereyeho InGaAsP inzibacyuho hagati yibikoresho byombi.

(4) Kwinjiza, kugereranya, kwishyuza no kunguka (SAGCM) ibyateganijwe birasabwa
Kugirango turusheho guhindura imashanyarazi ikwirakwizwa ryikwirakwizwa ryurwego rwunguka hamwe ninyungu zunguka, urwego rwishyurwa rwinjizwa mubishushanyo mbonera, biteza imbere cyane umuvuduko wibikoresho no kubyitabira.

(5) Resonator yazamuye (RCE) SAGCM imiterere
Mu gishushanyo mbonera cyiza cya disiketi gakondo, tugomba guhangana nukuri ko ubunini bwurwego rwimitsi ari ibintu bivuguruzanya kubikoresho byihuta nigikorwa cya kwant. Ubunini bworoheje bwurwego rushobora kugabanya igihe cyo gutwara ibintu, bityo umurongo munini urashobora kuboneka. Ariko, icyarimwe, kugirango ubone ubushobozi bwo hejuru bwa kwant, urwego rwo kwinjiza rugomba kugira umubyimba uhagije. Igisubizo cyiki kibazo gishobora kuba imiterere ya resonant cavity (RCE), ni ukuvuga, Bragg Reflector yagabanijwe (DBR) yateguwe hepfo no hejuru yigikoresho. Indorerwamo ya DBR igizwe nubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bifite indangantege nkeya hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanya imiterere, kandi byombi bikura ukundi, kandi ubunini bwa buri cyiciro gihura nicyerekezo cyumucyo wumurambararo 1/4 muri semiconductor. Imiterere ya resonator ya detector irashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byihuta, ubunini bwurwego rwimitsi irashobora gukorwa cyane, kandi na kwantumumikorere ya electron iriyongera nyuma yo kubitekerezaho byinshi.

(6) Imiterere ihuza imirongo ya Wide-Wide (WG-APD)
Ikindi gisubizo kugirango gikemure kwivuguruza kwingaruka zinyuranye ziterwa no kwinjizamo ibice byumuvuduko wibikoresho hamwe na kwant ikora neza ni ukumenyekanisha impande zombi zifatanije. Iyi miterere yinjira mumucyo uhereye kuruhande, kubera ko urwego rwo kwinjiza ari rurerure cyane, biroroshye kubona umusaruro mwinshi wa kwant, kandi mugihe kimwe, urwego rwo kwinjiza rushobora gukorwa ruto cyane, bikagabanya igihe cyo gutwara. Kubwibyo, iyi miterere ikemura ibibazo bitandukanye biterwa numuyoboro mugari no gukora neza kubyimbye byurwego rwinjira, kandi biteganijwe ko bizagera ku gipimo kinini kandi cyiza cya APD. Inzira ya WG-APD iroroshye kuruta iya RCE APD, ikuraho inzira igoye yo gutegura indorerwamo ya DBR. Kubwibyo, birashoboka cyane mubikorwa bifatika kandi bikwiranye nindege isanzwe ihuriweho.

3. Umwanzuro
Iterambere rya avalanchegufotoraibikoresho n'ibikoresho birasubirwamo. Igipimo cya electron na mwobo kugongana ionisation yibikoresho bya InP byegeranye nibya InAlAs, biganisha kumurongo wikubye kabiri ibimenyetso byabatwara, bigatuma igihe cyo kubaka inkangu igihe kirekire kandi urusaku rukiyongera. Ugereranije nibikoresho bya InAlAs byera, InGaAs (P) / InAlAs na Muri (Al) GaAs / InAlAs kwantumatumatungo nziza ifite igipimo cyiyongereye cya coefficient ya ionisation, bityo imikorere y urusaku irashobora guhinduka cyane. Kubijyanye nimiterere, resonator yongerewe imbaraga (RCE) SAGCM imiterere nuburyo bwo guhuza imirongo ya Wide-Wide (WG-APD) yatejwe imbere kugirango ikemure kwivuguruza kwingaruka zinyuranye ziterwa nubunini bwurwego rwumuvuduko wibikoresho no gukora kwant. Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwibikorwa, uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukoresha izi nzego zombi bugomba kurushaho gushakishwa.