Amahame nubwoko bwa laser

Amahame nubwoko bwalaser
Lazeri ni iki?
LASER (Amplification yumucyo byatewe no gusohora imishwarara); Kugira ngo ubone igitekerezo cyiza, reba ku ishusho hepfo:

Atome kurwego rwo hejuru rwingufu zihita zihinduka kurwego rwo hasi kandi rusohora fotone, inzira yitwa imirasire yizana.
Ibyamamare birashobora kumvikana nk: umupira uri hasi nikibanza gikwiye cyane, mugihe umupira usunitswe mukirere n'imbaraga zo hanze (bita pompe), mugihe imbaraga zo hanze zabuze, umupira ugwa mubutumburuke buke, ukarekura imbaraga runaka. Niba umupira ari atom yihariye, noneho iyo atom isohora fotone yuburebure bwihariye mugihe cyinzibacyuho.

Ibyiciro bya laseri
Abantu bamenye ihame ryokubyara laser, batangira guteza imbere uburyo butandukanye bwa lazeri, niba ukurikije ibikoresho bya laser byo gutondekanya, bishobora kugabanywamo lazeri ya gaze, laser ikomeye, laser semiconductor, nibindi ..
1, gazi ya laser itondekanya: atom, molekile, ion;
Ikintu gikora gaze ya gaze ni gaze cyangwa imyuka yicyuma, irangwa nuburebure bwagutse bwumurongo wa laser. Igikunze kugaragara cyane ni lazeri ya CO2, aho CO2 ikoreshwa nkibintu bikora kugirango habeho lazeri ya infragre ya 10.6um mukunezeza amashanyarazi.
Kuberako ibintu bikora bya lazeri ya gaze ari gaze, imiterere rusange ya lazeri nini cyane, kandi uburebure bwumurongo wa gaze ya gaze ni ndende cyane, imikorere yo gutunganya ibintu ntabwo ari nziza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, lazeri ya gaze yahise ikurwa ku isoko, kandi yakoreshwaga gusa mu bice bimwe na bimwe, nko gushyiramo ibimenyetso bya laser bimwe mu bice bya pulasitiki.
2, laser ikomeyegutondekanya: ruby, Nd: YAG, nibindi.;
Ibikoresho bikora bya lazeri ikomeye ya leta ni ruby, ikirahuri cya neodymium, garnet ya Yttrium aluminium (YAG), nibindi, ni umubare muto wa ion winjijwe kimwe muri kristu cyangwa ikirahure cyibikoresho nka matrix, bita ion ikora.
Lazeri ikomeye-igizwe nibintu bikora, sisitemu yo kuvoma, resonator hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha no kuyungurura. Umwanya wumukara hagati yishusho hepfo ni kirisiti ya lazeri, isa nikirahuri kibonerana gifite ibara ryoroshye kandi igizwe na kirisiti ibonerana ikozwe hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe. Nuburyo bwihariye bwubutaka budasanzwe bwicyuma cyubutaka bugizwe ningingo zingana zabaturage iyo zimurikirwa nisoko yumucyo (gusa wumve ko imipira myinshi hasi isunikwa mukirere), hanyuma ikohereza fotone mugihe ibice byinzibacyuho, nigihe umubare wa fotone urahagije, gushiraho lazeri.Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko lazeri yasohotse isohoka mu cyerekezo kimwe, hariho indorerwamo zuzuye (lens ibumoso) hamwe nindorerwamo zerekana ibintu (lens iburyo). Iyo lazeri isohotse hanyuma ikanyura muburyo runaka bwa optique, gushiraho ingufu za laser.

3, semiconductor laser
Iyo bigeze kuri laseri ya semiconductor, birashobora kumvikana gusa nka fotodiode, hariho ihuriro rya PN muri diode, kandi mugihe hiyongereyeho umuyoboro runaka, inzibacyuho ya elegitoronike muri semiconductor iba ikozwe kugirango irekure fotone, bikavamo laser. Iyo ingufu za laser zasohowe na semiconductor ari nto, igikoresho giciriritse gike gishobora gukoreshwa nkisoko ya pompe (isoko yo kwishima) yalaser, bityo fibre laser iba yarakozwe. Niba imbaraga za lazeri ya semiconductor irushijeho kwiyongera kugeza aho ishobora gusohoka mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho, ihinduka laser ya semiconductor itaziguye. Kugeza ubu, laseri ya semiconductor itaziguye ku isoko igeze ku rwego rwa watt 10,000.

Usibye lazeri nyinshi zavuzwe haruguru, abantu bavumbuye lazeri yamazi, izwi kandi nka lisansi. Lazeri yamazi iraruhije mubunini nibintu bikora kuruta ibinini kandi ntibikoreshwa cyane.