Amahame n'ubwoko bwa laser

Amahame n'ubwoko bwalaser
Laser ni iki?
LASER (Ukongerera Umucyo Ukoresheje Imirasire Itangwa n'Ingufu); Kugira ngo umenye neza, reba ishusho iri hepfo:

Atome iri ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu ihinduka mu buryo bwikora ikajya ku rwego rwo hasi rw'ingufu maze igasohora fotoni, inzira yitwa imirasire yihuta.
Igikundwa gishobora kumvikana nk'iki: umupira uri hasi ni wo mwanya ukwiye cyane, iyo umupira usunitswe mu kirere n'imbaraga zo hanze (zitwa pompe), iyo imbaraga zo hanze zishize, umupira ugwa uturutse ahantu hirengeye, maze ukarekura ingufu runaka. Niba umupira ari atome runaka, iyo atome itanga fotoni y'uburebure runaka mu gihe cy'impinduka.

Gushyira mu byiciro imirasire ya laser
Abantu bamaze kumenya ihame ryo gukora laser, batangiye guteza imbere imiterere itandukanye ya laser, iyo hakurikijwe ibikoresho bikora kuri laser, ishobora kugabanywamo laser ya gas, laser ikomeye, laser ya semiconductor, nibindi.
1, gushyira mu byiciro ikoranabuhanga rya laser ya gaze: atome, molekile, iyoni;
Ibigize imikorere ya laser ya gaze ni gaze cyangwa icyuma, birangwa n'uruhererekane runini rw'ubushyuhe bwa laser. Ikoreshwa cyane ni laser ya CO2, aho CO2 ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gikora kugira ngo ikore laser ya infrared ya 10.6um binyuze mu gukurura isohoka ry'amashanyarazi.
Kubera ko ikintu gikora muri laser ya gaz ari gaz, imiterere rusange ya laser ni nini cyane, kandi uburebure bw'umuvuduko wa laser ya gaz ni burebure cyane, imikorere yo gutunganya ibikoresho ntabwo ari myiza. Kubwibyo, laser ya gaz yahise ikurwa ku isoko, kandi yakoreshejwe gusa mu bice bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nko gushyira ikimenyetso kuri laser ku bice bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitiki.
2, laser ikomeyeibyiciro: rubi, Nd:YAG, nibindi;
Ibikoresho bikora muri laser ya solid state ni rubi, ikirahure cya neodymium, garnet ya Yttrium aluminum (YAG), nibindi, ari byo bigizwe n'iyoni nke zivanze neza muri kristu cyangwa ikirahure cy'ibikoresho nk'umubumbe, byitwa iyoni zikora.
Lezari ya solid-state igizwe n'ikintu gikora, sisitemu yo gupompa, resonator na sisitemu yo gukonjesha no kuyungurura. Kare y'umukara iri hagati mu ishusho iri hepfo ni kristu ya laser, isa n'ikirahure cy'amabara yoroheje kandi igizwe na kristu ibonerana irimo ibyuma by'ubutaka bidasanzwe. Ni imiterere yihariye ya atome y'icyuma cya rare earth ikora ihinduka ry'uduce tw'ibintu iyo tumurikiwe n'urumuri (umva gusa ko imipira myinshi iri ku butaka isunikwa mu kirere), hanyuma igasohora fotoni iyo uduce duhinduka, kandi iyo umubare wa fotoni uhagije, hakorwa imiterere ya laser. Kugira ngo laser isohoka ikoreshwe mu cyerekezo kimwe, hari indorerwamo zuzuye (lenzi y'ibumoso) n'indorerwamo zisohoka zigaragaza urumuri (lenzi y'iburyo). Iyo laser isohotse hanyuma binyuze mu gishushanyo runaka cy'amatara, hakorwa ingufu za laser.

3, laser ya semiconductor
Ku bijyanye na laser za semiconductor, ishobora kumvikana nk'ifotodiode, hari aho PN ihurira muri diode, kandi iyo hongeweho umuriro runaka, ihinduka ry'amashanyarazi muri semiconductor ribaho kugira ngo rikureho photoni, bigatuma habaho laser. Iyo ingufu za laser zirekurwa na semiconductor ari nto, igikoresho cya semiconductor gifite ingufu nke gishobora gukoreshwa nk'isoko y'ipompo (isoko y'ibyishimo) yalaser ya fibre, bityo fibre laser irakorwa. Iyo imbaraga za semiconductor laser ziyongerewe cyane ku buryo zishobora gusohoka mu buryo butaziguye mu gutunganya ibikoresho, iba semiconductor laser itaziguye. Kuri ubu, semiconductor lasers ku isoko zageze ku rwego rwa watts 10.000.

Uretse laser nyinshi zavuzwe haruguru, abantu banavumbuye laser zikora ku mazi, zizwi kandi nka lisansi zikora ku mazi. Laser zikora ku mazi zigoye cyane mu bunini no mu bintu bikora kurusha ibintu bikomeye kandi ntizikunze gukoreshwa.