Kugenzura ubugari bw'ingufukugenzura imivuduko ya laserikoranabuhanga
Uburyo bwo kugenzura imitsi ya laser ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bihuzaikoranabuhanga rya laser, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'ingaruka za laser. Iyi nyandiko izasesengura uburyo bwo kugenzura ubugari bw'amajwi, kugenzura inshuro z'amajwi n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na modulation, kandi iharanire kuba iy'umwuga, yuzuye kandi isobanutse.
1. Igitekerezo cy'ubugari bw'umutima
Ubugari bwa laser busobanura igihe umuvuduko wa laser umara, ari na cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanura imiterere y'igihe umuvuduko wa laser usohoka. Kuri laser za pulse ngufi cyane (nka nanosecond, picosecond na femtosecond), uko umuvuduko uba mugufi, niko imbaraga zo hejuru ziba nyinshi, kandi ingaruka z'ubushyuhe zikaba nto, ibi bikaba bikwiye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya neza cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
2. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bugari bw'imitsi ya laser Ubugari bw'imitsi ya laser bugirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu bitandukanye, cyane cyane ibi bikurikira:
a. Ibiranga uburyo bwo gukuraho ingufu. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'uburyo bwo gukuraho ingufu bufite imiterere yihariye y'urwego rw'ingufu n'ubuzima bwa fluorescence, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ikorwa n'ubugari bw'uburyo bwo gukuraho ingufu bwa laser. Urugero, laser za solid-state, kristu za Nd:YAG na kristu za Ti:Sapphire ni kristu za solid-state zisanzwe. Laser za gas, nka laser za karuboni dioxyde (CO₂) na laser za helium-neon (HeNe), ubusanzwe zikora impumuro ndende bitewe n'imiterere yazo ya molekile n'imiterere yazo ya excited state; laser za semiconductor, binyuze mu kugenzura igihe cyo gusubirana ingufu, zishobora kugera ku bugari bw'impumuro kuva kuri nanoseconds kugeza kuri picoseconds.
Imiterere y'umwobo wa laser igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso, harimo: uburebure bw'umwobo, uburebure bw'umwobo wa laser bugena igihe gisabwa kugira ngo urumuri rugende inshuro nyinshi mu mwobo, umwobo muremure uzatuma habaho ubugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso, mu gihe umwobo mugufi ufasha mu gukora imivuduko migufi cyane; Kugaragaza: Akamenyetso gatanga urumuri gakomeye gashobora kongera ubucucike bwa photon mu mwobo, bityo bikanongera ingaruka zo kubona umusaruro, ariko kugaragara cyane bishobora kongera igihombo mu mwobo no kugira ingaruka ku bugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso; Aho imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amaraso iherereye n'aho imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amaraso iherereye mu mwobo nabyo bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gukorana hagati ya photon n'imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amaraso, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka ku bugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
c. Ikoranabuhanga rya Q-switching n'ikoranabuhanga rya mode-locking ni uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa umusaruro wa laser ya pulse n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubugari bwa pulse.
d. Uburyo bwo gusohora pompe n'uburyo bwo gusohora pompe Gukomera kw'ingufu z'isoko ya pompe n'uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo gusohora pompe nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
3. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura ubugari bw'imitsi
a. Hindura uburyo bwo gukora bwa laser: uburyo bwo gukora bwa laser buzagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bugari bw'ingufu zayo. Ubugari bw'ingufu bushobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikira: inshuro n'ubukana bw'isoko ya pompe, ingufu zinjira mu isoko ya pompe, n'urwego rw'impinduka z'uduce mu buryo bwo gukusanya; Kugaragara kw'ikirahure cy'ikirahure bihindura imikorere y'ibitekerezo muri resonator, bityo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ingufu.
b. Genzura imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amaraso: hindura mu buryo butaziguye ubugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso uhindura imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amaraso wa laser.
c. Guhindura amashanyarazi: Guhindura amashanyarazi asohoka kugira ngo hagenzurwe ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa laser, hanyuma hagahindurwa ubugari bw'ingufu. Ubu buryo bufite umuvuduko wihuse kandi bukwiriye ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bisaba guhindurwa byihuse.
d. Guhinduranya: binyuze mu kugenzura imiterere y'ihindagurika rya laser kugira ngo uhindure ubugari bw'ihindagurika ry'amajwi.
e. Kugenzura ubushyuhe: impinduka z'ubushyuhe zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ingufu za elegitoroni za laser, bityo zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bugari bw'ingufu.
f. Koresha ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura imiterere y'umutima: Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura imiterere y'umutima ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura neza ubugari bw'umutima.
Guhinduranya imikoreshereze ya laserIkoranabuhanga ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha laser nk'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kandi rigashyira amakuru kuri ryo. Dukurikije isano iri hagati ya laser n'iy'inyuma. Uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi busobanura uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi aho ikimenyetso cyahinduwe gishyirwa mu buryo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo gihindure ibipimo bya laser bityo gihindure ibiranga umusaruro wa laser. Uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi busobanura uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi aho ikimenyetso cya modulation cyongerwamo nyuma yuko laser ikozwe, kandi imiterere ya laser isohoka igahinduka hatabayeho guhindura ibipimo bya oscillation bya laser.
Ikoranabuhanga rya modulation rishobora kandi gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere ya modulation ya carrier, harimo modulation ya analog, modulation ya pulse, modulation ya digital (modulation ya pulse code); Dukurikije ibipimo bya modulation, igabanyijemo modulation y'ingufu na modulation ya phase.
Modulator y'ubukana: Ubugari bw'imitsi bugenzurwa no guhindura ihinduka ry'ubukana bw'urumuri rwa laser.
Modulator y'icyiciro: Ubugari bw'impeshyi buhindurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura urwego rw'umuraba w'urumuri.
Amplifier ifunguye mu buryo bwa Phase: Binyuze mu buryo bwa phase-locked amplifier, ubugari bwa laser pulse bushobora guhindurwa neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2025