Ingufu za quantum za photodetector zirenze urugero rw'ibitekerezo

Nk’uko umuryango w’abahanga mu bya fiziki uherutse kubitangaza, abashakashatsi bo muri Finilande bakoze icyuma gipima imiterere y’izuba cya silikoni gifite ubushobozi bwo gupima imiterere y’izuba bwa 130%, ari nabwo bwa mbere ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bipima ikirere burenze urugero rw’ikigereranyo cya 100%, bikaba byitezwe ko bizamura cyane ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bipima ikirere, kandi ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu modoka, telefoni zigendanwa, amasaha agezweho n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.

Imashini ipima urumuri ni icyuma gishobora gupima urumuri cyangwa izindi ngufu za electromagnetic, kigahindura fotoni mo amashanyarazi, maze fotoni zinjira zigakora electron-hole pairs. Imashini ipima urumuri irimo fotodiyode na fototransistor, nibindi. Ikoranabuhanga rya quantum rikoreshwa mu kugena ijanisha rya fotoni zakiriwe n'igikoresho nka fotodiyo mu mashini ipima urumuri mu mashini ipima urumuri, ni ukuvuga ko ingano ya quantum ingana n'umubare wa electroni zipima urumuri zigabanyijemo umubare wa fotoni zigaragaza impanuka.

Iyo fotoni y’ibintu ikora electron ijya ku murongo wo hanze, ubushobozi bwa quantum yo hanze y’igikoresho ni 100% (byari bizwi ko ari bwo buryo bwo kugereranya ibintu). Mu bushakashatsi buheruka, icyuma gipima imiterere ya silicon y’umukara cyari gifite ubushobozi bwo kugera kuri 130%, bivuze ko fotoni imwe y’ibintu ikora electron zigera kuri 1.3.

Nk’uko abashakashatsi ba Kaminuza ya Aalto babivuga, intwaro y’ibanga iri inyuma y’iri terambere rikomeye ni uburyo bwo gukubagura charge-carrier bubera mu buryo bwihariye bwa nanostructure ya silicon photodetector y’umukara, buterwa na fotoni zifite ingufu nyinshi. Mbere, abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibari bashoboye kubona ibi mu bikoresho nyabyo kuko kuba hariho igihombo cy’amashanyarazi n’amatara byagabanyaga umubare wa electron zakusanyijwe. Umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi Porofeseri Hera Severn yasobanuye ati: “Ibikoresho byacu bya nanostructure nta recombination bigira kandi nta reflection itakaza, bityo dushobora gukusanya charge carriers zose ziyongera.”

Ubu buryo bwo gupima bwagenzuwe n'Ikigo cy'Ikoranabuhanga rya Fiziki cya Sosiyete y'Igihugu y'Abadage yitwa PTB, serivisi yo gupima ifite ukuri kandi yizewe cyane mu Burayi.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ubu buryo bwo gukora neza bivuze ko abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora kunoza cyane imikorere y'ibikoresho bipima amashanyarazi.

“Imashini zacu zipima ibintu zakuruye abantu benshi, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu by’ibinyabuzima no gukurikirana ibikorwa by’inganda,” ibi byavuzwe na Dr. Mikko Juntuna, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa ElfysInc, ikigo gifitwe na Kaminuza ya Aalto. Bivugwa ko batangiye gukora izo mashini zipima ibintu kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu bucuruzi.