Ku bijyanye n'itumanaho ryihuse cyane, modulator yoroheje ya IQ ishingiye kuri silicon

optoelectronic ishingiye kuri silicon ntoUmuhuza w'ubwenge (IQ modulator)kugira ngo itumanaho ryihuse kandi rihuze
Ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru menshi n'ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nke mu bigo by'amakuru byatumye habaho iterambere ry'imikorere mito cyane.modulators z'amasoIkoranabuhanga rya optoelectronic rishingiye kuri silicon (SiPh) ryabaye urubuga rwiza rwo guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya fotoni kuri chip imwe, bigatuma habaho ibisubizo bito kandi bihendutse. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma uburyo bushya bwo gupima IQ bwa silicon bushingiye kuri GeSi EAMs, bushobora gukora ku gipimo cya 75 Gbaud.
Igishushanyo n'imiterere yacyo
Umuyoboro wa IQ watanzwe ukoresha imiterere y’amaboko atatu, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 (a). Ugizwe na GeSi EAM eshatu na thermo optical phase shifters eshatu, ukoresha imiterere ingana. Itara ryinjira rihuzwa muri chip binyuze muri grating coupler (GC) kandi rigabanywamo inzira eshatu binyuze muri 1 × 3 multimode interferometer (MMI). Nyuma yo kunyura muri modulator na phase shifter, urumuri rwongera guhuzwa n’indi 1 × 3 MMI hanyuma rugahuzwa na single-mode fibre (SSMF).

Ishusho ya 1: (a) Ishusho ya mikorosikopi ya modulator ya IQ; (b) – (d) EO S21, spectrum y'ikigereranyo cyo kuzimira, n'uburyo bwo kohereza GeSi EAM imwe; (e) Ishusho ya schematic ya modulator ya IQ n'icyiciro cy'impinduka cya optique gihuye; (f) Ishusho yo guhosha kwa carrier ku murongo ugoye. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 (b), GeSi EAM ifite bandwidth nini ya electro-optic. Ishusho ya 1 (b) yapimye parametre ya S21 y'imiterere imwe ya GeSi EAM ikoresheje isesengura ry'ibice bya optique rya 67 GHz (LCA). Ishusho ya 1 (c) na 1 (d) yerekana spectra ya static extinction ratio (ER) kuri voltage zitandukanye za DC n'uburyo bwo kohereza kuri wavelength ya nanometero 1555.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 (e), ikintu cy'ingenzi muri iyi miterere ni ubushobozi bwo gukumira ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu guhindura icyuma gihindura imiterere mu kuboko ko hagati. Itandukaniro ry'icyiciro hagati y'amaboko yo hejuru n'ayo hasi ni π/2, rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu bikomeye, mu gihe itandukaniro ry'icyiciro hagati y'ukuboko ko hagati ari -3 π/4. Iyi miterere yemerera igikoresho cyangiza ibikorwa, nk'uko bigaragara ku murongo ugoye w'Ishusho ya 1 (f).
Imiterere y'igerageza n'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi
Imiterere y’igerageza ryihuse igaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (a). Imashini ikoresha umuraba (Keysight M8194A) ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ikimenyetso, naho amplifiers ebyiri za RF zihuye na phase ya 60 GHz (zifite bias tees) zikoreshwa nk'ibiyobora modulator. Voltage ya bias ya GeSi EAM ni -2.5 V, kandi insinga ya RF ihuye na phase ikoreshwa kugira ngo igabanye itandukaniro ry'amashanyarazi hagati y'imiyoboro ya I na Q.
Ishusho ya 2: (a) Gushyiraho igerageza ryihuse cyane, (b) Guhagarika umuyoboro kuri 70 Gbaud, (c) Igipimo cy'amakosa n'igipimo cy'amakuru, (d) Itsinda ry'inyenyeri kuri 70 Gbaud. Koresha laser yo hanze y'ubucuruzi (ECL) ifite ubugari bwa 100 kHz, uburebure bwa 1555 nm, n'imbaraga za 12 dBm nk'umuyoboro w'amajwi. Nyuma yo guhinduranya, ikimenyetso cy'amajwi cyongerwa hakoreshejweamplifier ya fibre irimo erbium(EDFA) kugira ngo yishyure igihombo cyo guhuza kuri chips hamwe n'igihombo cyo gushyiramo modulator.
Ku ruhande rwo kwakira, Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) ikurikirana spectrum y'ibimenyetso n'igabanuka ry'umutwaro, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (b) ku kimenyetso cya Gbaud 70. Koresha igikoresho cyakira ibimenyetso bibiri, kigizwe n'icyuma givangavanze cya dogere 90 n'ibindi bine.Diode z'amafoto ziringaniye za GHz 40, kandi ihujwe na oscilloscope ya 33 GHz, 80 GSa/s (RTO) (Keysight DSOZ634A). Isoko ya kabiri ya ECL ifite ubugari bwa linewidth bwa 100 kHz ikoreshwa nk'imashini itwara amakuru yo mu gace (LO). Bitewe n'uko transmitter ikora mu buryo bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, ni imiyoboro ibiri y'ikoranabuhanga gusa ikoreshwa mu guhindura analog-to-digital (ADC). Amakuru afatwa kuri RTO agatunganywa hakoreshejwe poroseseri y'ibimenyetso bya digitale idakoresha interineti (DSP).
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (c), modulator ya IQ yageragejwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa QPSK modulation kuva kuri 40 Gbaud kugeza kuri 75 Gbaud. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko munsi ya 7% by'imiterere ya hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC), igipimo gishobora kugera kuri 140 Gb/s; Mu gihe cyo gukosora amakosa yoroshye ya 20% (SD-FEC), umuvuduko ushobora kugera kuri 150 Gb/s. Ishusho y'inyenyeri kuri 70 Gbaud igaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (d). Ibisubizo bigengwa na oscilloscope bandwidth ya 33 GHz, ingana na bandwidth ya signal ya hafi 66 Gbaud.

Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (b), imiterere y'amaboko atatu ishobora gukumira neza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitwara urumuri bifite igipimo cyo kutagira icyo bitwaye kirenga 30 dB. Iyi miterere ntisaba gukuraho burundu ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bisaba amajwi y'ibikoresho kugira ngo bigarure ibimenyetso, nka Kramer Kronig (KK) receivers. Ibi bikoresho bishobora guhindurwa binyuze mu guhindura ukuboko hagati kugira ngo bigere ku gipimo cyifuzwa cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ku ruhande (CSR).
Ibyiza n'Imikoreshereze
Ugereranije na modulators gakondo za Mach Zehnder (Modulators za MZM) hamwe n'izindi modulators za IQ zishingiye kuri silicon, modulators za silicon IQ zitangwa zifite ibyiza byinshi. Ubwa mbere, ni ntoya mu bunini, ntoya inshuro zirenga 10 ugereranyije na modulators za IQ zishingiye kuriMach Zehnder modulators(usibye udupapuro two guhuza), bityo byongera ubucucike bw'ingufu no kugabanya ubuso bwa chip. Icya kabiri, igishushanyo cya electrode yashyizwe hamwe ntigisaba ikoreshwa rya resistor za terminal, bityo bikagabanya ubushobozi bw'igikoresho n'ingufu kuri buri biti. Icya gatatu, ubushobozi bwo gufunga icyuma butuma ingufu zo kohereza zigabanuka cyane, bikongera kunoza imikorere y'ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwa optique bwa GeSi EAM ni bugari cyane (burenga nanometero 30), bikuraho ko hakenewe uburyo bwo kugenzura ibitekerezo na poroseseri nyinshi kugira ngo habeho guhagarara no guhuza resonance ya microwave modulators (MRMs), bityo bikoroshya imiterere.
Iyi modulator yoroheje kandi ikora neza ya IQ ikwiriye cyane abakoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, umubare munini w’amakuru, n’abakoresha ikoranabuhanga rito rihuza ikoranabuhanga mu bigo by’amakuru, bigatuma habaho ubushobozi bwo hejuru n’itumanaho ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nke.
Modulator ya silikoni IQ yakuweho ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane, ifite igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru kigera kuri 150 Gb/s munsi ya 20% bya SD-FEC. Imiterere yayo mito ifite amaboko atatu ishingiye kuri GeSi EAM ifite ibyiza bikomeye mu bijyanye n'aho iherereye, gukoresha neza ingufu, no koroshya igishushanyo. Iyi modulator ifite ubushobozi bwo guhagarika cyangwa guhindura icyuma gitwara amashusho kandi ishobora guhuzwa na gahunda zo gutahura neza na gahunda zo gutahura za Kramer Kronig (KK) kuri transceivers nyinshi. Ibyagezweho byagaragajwe bituma transceivers za optique zihuzwa cyane kandi zikora neza kugira ngo zihuze n'ubwiyongere bw'ikwirakwizwa ry'itumanaho ry'amakuru rifite ubushobozi bwinshi mu bigo by'amakuru n'ahandi.