Ikintu gikoreshwa na silicon photonics

Ikintu gikoreshwa na silicon photonics

Ibice bikora bya Photonics bivuga by'umwihariko imikoranire ishingiye ku buryo bwateguwe ku bushake hagati y'urumuri n'ibintu. Igice gisanzwe gikora cya photonics ni modulator y'urumuri. Ifite silicon yose ikoresha ubushyuhemodulators z'amasobishingira ku ngaruka z’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi udafite plasma. Guhindura umubare wa electron zigenga n’imyobo mu bikoresho bya silikoni hakoreshejwe doping, uburyo bw’amashanyarazi cyangwa optique bishobora guhindura index yayo ikomeye yo kugarura urumuri, inzira igaragazwa mu bigereranyo (1,2) byabonetse binyuze mu gushyira amakuru ya Soref na Bennett ku bunini bwa nanometero 1550. Ugereranyije na electron, imyobo itera igice kinini cy’impinduka nyazo n’izishingiye ku bitekerezo, ni ukuvuga ko zishobora gutanga impinduka nini ku mpinduka y’igihombo runaka, bityo muriAmamodulateur ya Mach-Zehndern'ibyuma bihindura impeta, akenshi bikunda gukoresha imyobo kugira ngomodulator z'ibyiciro.

Ibitandukanyemodulator ya silikoni (Si)Ubwoko bw'urumuri bugaragara ku Ishusho ya 10A. Muri modulator injection modulator, urumuri ruboneka muri silicon y'imbere mu ihuriro ryagutse cyane rya pin, kandi electron n'imyobo biraterwa. Ariko, bene izi modulator zigenda buhoro, akenshi zifite umuvuduko wa 500 MHz, kuko electron zigenga n'imyobo bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo zongere zihuzwe nyuma yo guterwa. Kubwibyo, iyi miterere ikunze gukoreshwa nk'imashini igabanya urumuri (VOA) aho gukoreshwa nk'imashini igabanya urumuri (VOA). Muri modulator igabanya urumuri, igice cy'urumuri giherereye mu ihuriro rito rya pn, kandi ubugari bw'igabanuka ry'ihuriro rya pn buhinduka bitewe n'amashanyarazi akoreshwa. Iyi modulator ishobora gukora ku muvuduko urenze 50Gb/s, ariko ifite igihombo kinini cyo kwinjira inyuma. Vpil isanzwe ni 2 V-cm. Modulator ya metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) (mu by'ukuri semiconductor-oxide-semiconductor) iba ifite urwego rworoshye rwa oxyde mu ihuriro rya pn. Bituma habaho ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe ndetse no kugabanuka kw’ibikoresho, bigatuma VπL ntoya ya 0.2 V-cm, ariko ifite ingaruka mbi zo gutakaza urumuri rwinshi ndetse n’ubushobozi bwinshi kuri buri gice. Byongeye kandi, hari modulators za SiGe zikoresha amashanyarazi zishingiye ku migendekere y’umugozi wa SiGe (silicon Germanium alloy). Byongeye kandi, hari modulators za graphene zikoresha graphene kugira ngo zihindure hagati y’ibyuma bikurura n’ibikoresho bikingira urumuri bibonerana. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo hagerwe ku ihindagurika ry’ibimenyetso by’urumuri bihuta kandi bitakaza urumuri.

Ishusho ya 10: (A) Ishusho y'ibice bitandukanye by'imiterere itandukanye ya modulator y'urumuri ishingiye kuri silikoni na (B) Ishusho y'ibice bitandukanye by'imiterere y'urumuri rw'urumuri.

Ibyuma byinshi bipima urumuri bishingiye kuri silikoni bigaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 10B. Ibikoresho bikurura ni germanium (Ge). Ge irashobora kwakira urumuri ku bunini bw'urumuri kugeza kuri mikoroni 1.6. Igaragara ibumoso ni imiterere ya pini igezweho cyane muri iki gihe. Igizwe na silikoni yo mu bwoko bwa P aho Ge ikurira. Ge na Si bifite imiterere idahuye ya lattice ya 4%, kandi kugira ngo bigabanye ihindagurika, urwego rworoshye rwa SiGe rubanza guhingwa nk'urwego rwa buffer. Gupima ubwoko bwa N bikorerwa hejuru y'urwego rwa Ge. Hagaragara photodiode y'icyuma-semiconductor-metal (MSM) hagati, naho APD (Imashini ipima inkombe z'inyanja) igaragara iburyo. Agace k'inkangu muri APD gaherereye muri Si, gafite urusaku ruto ugereranije n'agace k'inkangu mu bikoresho by'ibanze bya Group III-V.

Kugeza ubu, nta bisubizo bifite inyungu zigaragara mu guhuza optique gain na silicon photonics. Ishusho ya 11 igaragaza amahitamo menshi ashoboka ategurwa hakurikijwe urwego rw'inteko. Ibumoso hari integrations za monolithic zirimo ikoreshwa rya germanium (Ge) yakuze nk'ibikoresho by'ingufu z'urumuri, erbium-doped (Er) glass waveguides (nka Al2O3, isaba optique pumping), na epitaxially grown gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum dots. Inkingi ikurikiraho ni wafer à wafer assembling, irimo oxyde na organic bonding mu gace ka III-V group gain. Inkingi ikurikiraho ni chip-to-wafer assembling, irimo gushyira chip ya III-V mu mwobo wa silicon wafer hanyuma igatunganya imiterere ya waveguide. Akamaro k'ubu buryo bwa mbere bw'inkingi eshatu ni uko igikoresho gishobora gukora neza imbere ya wafer mbere yo gukata. Inkingi iburyo cyane ni chip-to-chip assembling, harimo guhuza direct silicon chips na III-V group chips, ndetse no guhuza binyuze muri lens na grating couplers. Icyerekezo cy’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kirimo kuva iburyo ujya ibumoso bw’imbonerahamwe kijya ku bisubizo bihujwe kandi bihujwe.

Ishusho ya 11: Uburyo optique gain yinjizwa muri silicon-based photonics. Uko ugenda uva ibumoso ujya iburyo, aho ushyira ibintu mu nganda buhoro buhoro bisubira inyuma muri iyo gahunda.