SPADicyuma gipima inkubi y'umuyaga gifite fotoni imwe
Ubwo sensor za SPAD photodetector zatangiraga gukoreshwa, zakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kubona urumuri ruto. Ariko, bitewe n'impinduka mu mikorere yazo no guteza imbere ibisabwa mu gace,icyuma gipima foto cya SPADIbikoresho byo gupima amashusho byagiye bikoreshwa cyane mu bintu bikoreshwa n’abaguzi nko muri radar z’imodoka, robots, n’indege zitagira abapilote. Bitewe n’uburyo ifite ubushobozi bwo kumva ibintu byinshi n’urusaku ruto, SPAD photodetector sensor yabaye amahitamo meza yo kugera ku buryo bwo kubona neza uburebure bw’ijisho no gufata amashusho mu buryo budasobanutse neza.
Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima amashusho bya CMOS (CIS) bishingiye ku miyoboro ya PN, imiterere y'ibanze ya SPAD photodetector ni avalanche diode ikora muri Geiger mode. Ukurikije uburyo bwa physique, imiterere ya SPAD photodetector iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ibikoresho byo gupima amashusho bya PN. Ibi bigaragarira cyane cyane mu kuba iyo habayeho ubwiyongere bukabije bw'inyuma, ishobora guteza ibibazo nko gutera ibikoresho bidahuje, ingaruka za electron z'ubushyuhe, n'imiyoboro y'amazi ifashwa n'imiterere y'ubusembwa. Ibi bituma ihura n'ibibazo bikomeye ku rwego rw'igishushanyo, inzira, n'imiterere y'uruziga.
Ibipimo bisanzwe by'imikorere yaicyuma gipima inkubi y'umuyaga cya SPADharimo Ingano ya Pixel (Ingano ya Pixel), urusaku rw'umukara (DCR), amahirwe yo kubona urumuri (PDE), igihe cyapfuye (Igihe cyapfuye), n'igihe cyo gusubiza (Igihe cyo gusubiza). Ibi bipimo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere ya SPAD avalanche photodetector. Urugero, igipimo cy'umukara (DCR) ni ingenzi mu gusobanura urusaku rw'umukara, kandi SPAD igomba kugumana ubwiyongere buri hejuru y'aho igabanutse kugira ngo ikore nk'icyuma gipima fotoni imwe. Amahirwe yo kubona urumuri (PDE) ni yo agena uburyo SPAD ibona ibintu.icyuma gipima imiterere y'inkangukandi bigirwaho ingaruka n'ubukana n'ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, DeadTime ni igihe gisabwa kugira ngo SPAD isubire ku mimerere yayo ya mbere nyuma yo gukubitwa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku gipimo ntarengwa cyo kubona fotoni n'urwego ruhindagurika.
Mu kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho bya SPAD, isano iri hagati y'ibipimo by'imikorere y'ingenzi ni imbogamizi ikomeye: urugero, pixel miniaturization ituma PDE igabanuka, kandi ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi yo mu nkengero buterwa no kugabanya ingano yabyo nabyo bizongera cyane DCR. Kugabanya igihe cyapfuye bizatera urusaku nyuma y'ingufu kandi bikagabanya ubwiza bw'igihe. Ubu, igisubizo cy'ubuhanga bugezweho cyageze ku rwego runaka rwo kunoza imikoranire binyuze mu buryo nka DTI/ protection loop (guhagarika crosstalk no kugabanya DCR), pixel optique optique, gutangiza ibikoresho bishya (SiGe avalanche layer enhancing infrared response), na three-dimensional stacked active quenching circuits.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Nyakanga-2025