SPAD imwe-foton avalanche ifotora

UMUKINOifoto imwe ya avalanche

Iyo sensor ya Photodetector ya SPAD yatangijwe bwa mbere, yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mubihe bito byerekana urumuri. Ariko, hamwe nihindagurika ryimikorere yabo hamwe niterambere ryibisabwa,Umuyoboro wa SPADibyuma byifashishwa byarushijeho gukoreshwa mubihe byabaguzi nka radar yimodoka, robot, hamwe nindege zitagira abapilote. Bitewe nubukangurambaga bukabije hamwe n’ibiranga urusaku ruke, sensor ya SPAD ya fotodetekeri yahindutse uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku myumvire yimbitse yimbitse no kwerekana amashusho make.

Bitandukanye na gakondo ya CMOS yerekana amashusho (CIS) ishingiye ku masangano ya PN, imiterere yibanze ya Photodetector ya SPAD ni diode ya avalanche ikora muburyo bwa Geiger. Urebye uburyo bwimikorere ifatika, ubunini bwa Photodetector ya SPAD irarenze cyane ugereranije nibikoresho bya PN bihuza. Ibi bigaragarira cyane cyane muburyo bubogamye cyane, birashoboka cyane ko bitera ibibazo nko gutera inshinge zitwara imipaka, ingaruka za electronique yumuriro, hamwe numuyoboro wa tunnel ufashwa nibihugu bifite inenge. Ibi biranga bituma ihura ningorabahizi kurwego rwo gushushanya, gutunganya, no kurwego rwubwubatsi.

Ibikorwa bisanzweSPAD avalanche ifotorashyiramo Ingano ya Pixel (Ingano ya Pixel), urusaku rwo kubara rwijimye (DCR), amahirwe yo kumenya urumuri (PDE), Igihe cyapfuye (Igihe cyigihe), nigihe cyo gusubiza (Igihe cyo gusubiza). Ibipimo bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya SPAD avalanche Photodetector. Kurugero, igipimo cyijimye cyijimye (DCR) nikintu cyingenzi mugusobanura urusaku rwa detector, kandi SPAD ikeneye gukomeza kubogama kurenza gusenyuka kugirango ikore nka fotora imwe. Amahirwe yo kumenya urumuri (PDE) agena sensibilité ya SPADifoto ya avalanchekandi bigira ingaruka ku bukana no gukwirakwiza umurima w'amashanyarazi. Mubyongeyeho, DeadTime nigihe gikenewe kugirango SPAD isubire muburyo bwayo nyuma yo gukururwa, bigira ingaruka kumubare ntarengwa wo gutahura fotone hamwe nurwego rufite imbaraga.

Mu mikorere yo kunoza ibikoresho bya SPAD, umubano wimbogamizi hagati yimikorere yibanze ni ikibazo gikomeye: kurugero, pigiseli miniaturizasiya iganisha kuri PDE, kandi kwibumbira hamwe kumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi biterwa nubunini bwa miniaturizasi nabyo bizatera kwiyongera gukabije muri DCR. Kugabanya igihe cyapfuye bizatera urusaku nyuma ya impulse kandi byangiza ukuri kwigihe. Noneho, igisubizo kigezweho cyageze ku ntera runaka yo gutezimbere ubufatanye binyuze muburyo nka DTI / kurinda loop (guhagarika umuhanda no kugabanya DCR), optique optique optimizasiyo, kwinjiza ibikoresho bishya (SiGe avalanche layer yongerera imbaraga infragre), hamwe nuburyo butatu butondekanya ibintu bizima.