Ihame ryakazi nubwoko bwibanze bwa semiconductor laser

Ihame ryakazi nubwoko bukuru bwasemiconductor laser

AmashanyaraziInzira ya Laser, hamwe nubushobozi bwabo buhanitse, miniaturizasi hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo, bikoreshwa cyane nkibice byingenzi bigize tekinoroji ya optoelectronic mubice nkitumanaho, ubuvuzi no gutunganya inganda. Iyi ngingo iratangiza kandi ihame ryakazi nubwoko bwa lazeri ya semiconductor, ikaba yorohewe no guhitamo kwerekanwa nabashakashatsi benshi ba optoelectronic.

1. Ihame risohora urumuri rwa semiconductor laseri

Ihame rya luminescence rya lazeri ya semiconductor rishingiye kumiterere ya bande, inzibacyuho ya elegitoronike no gusohora ibyuka bya semiconductor. Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor ni ubwoko bwibikoresho hamwe na bande, irimo umurongo wa valence hamwe nuyoboro. Iyo ibikoresho biri mubutaka, electron zuzuza umurongo wa valence mugihe nta electron ziri mumashanyarazi. Iyo umurima w'amashanyarazi runaka ushyizwe hanze cyangwa umuyoboro watewe, electron zimwe zizahinduka ziva mumurongo wa valence zijye mumashanyarazi, zikora electron-umwobo. Mugihe cyo kurekura ingufu, mugihe ibyo bikoresho bya elegitoroniki-byobo byatewe nisi yo hanze, fotone, ni ukuvuga laseri, bizabyara.

2. Uburyo bwo gushimisha lazeri ya semiconductor

Hariho uburyo butatu bwo gushimisha lazeri ya semiconductor, aribwo bwoko bwo gutera amashanyarazi, ubwoko bwa pompe optique hamwe nubwoko bushimishije bwa electron beam.

Amashanyarazi ya semiconductor yatewe n'amashanyarazi: Mubisanzwe, ni semiconductor hejuru-ihuza diode ikozwe mubikoresho nka gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), fosifide indium (InP), na zinc sulfide (ZnS). Bashimishijwe no gutera inshinge kuruhande rwimbere, bikabyara imyuka ihumanya mukarere ka ndege ihuza.

Amashanyarazi meza ya pompe yamashanyarazi: Mubisanzwe, N-ubwoko cyangwa P-ubwoko bwa semiconductor imwe ya kristu (nka GaAS, InAs, InSb, nibindi) bikoreshwa nkibintu bikora, nalaserbyoherejwe nizindi lazeri zikoreshwa nkuburyo bwiza bwo kuvoma.

Imbaraga nyinshi za electron beam-zishimishijwe na semiconductor laseri: Mubisanzwe, bakoresha kandi N-cyangwa P-semiconductor imwe ya kirisiti imwe (nka PbS, CdS, ZhO, nibindi) nkibintu bikora kandi bashimishwa no gutera urumuri rwa electron rufite ingufu nyinshi ziturutse hanze. Mubikoresho bya semiconductor laser, imwe ifite imikorere myiza hamwe nogukoresha mugari ni lazeri yatewe amashanyarazi ya GaAs diode laser hamwe na heterostructure ebyiri.

3. Ubwoko bwibanze bwa semiconductor laseri

Agace ka Active ya semiconductor laser nigice cyibanze cyo kubyara foton no kongera imbaraga, kandi ubunini bwacyo ni micrometero nkeya. Imiterere yimbere yimbere ikoreshwa mukugabanya ikwirakwizwa rya fotone no kongera ubwinshi bwingufu (nka ridge waveguides hamwe na heterojunctions yashyinguwe). Lazeri ifata igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubushyuhe kandi igahitamo ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru (nk'umuringa-tungsten alloy) kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwihuse, bushobora gukumira umuvuduko ukabije uterwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Ukurikije imiterere yabyo hamwe nibisabwa, lazeri ya semiconductor irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bine bikurikira:

Laser-Emiting Laser (EEL)

Lazeri isohoka mu buso bwa clavage kuruhande rwa chip, ikora ahantu ha elliptique (hamwe na Angle itandukanye ya 30 ° × 10 °). Uburebure busanzwe burimo 808nm (yo kuvoma), 980 nm (kubitumanaho), na 1550 nm (kubitumanaho bya fibre). Irakoreshwa cyane mugukata ingufu zinganda zinganda, fibre laser yo kuvoma, hamwe numuyoboro woguhuza amakuru.

2. Ubuso bwa Vertical Cavity Ubuso Bwohereza Laser (VCSEL)

Lazeri isohoka mu buryo butambitse hejuru ya chip, hamwe n'urumuri ruzengurutse kandi rusa (impande zinyuranye <15 °). Ihuza ikwirakwizwa rya Bragg (DBR), ikuraho ibikenerwa byo kumurika hanze. Ikoreshwa cyane muri sensing ya 3D (nka terefone igendanwa imenyekanisha isura), itumanaho rigufi rya optique (data data), na LiDAR.

3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)

Ukurikije inzibacyuho ya caskade ya electron hagati ya kwantum Wells, uburebure bwumuraba butwikiriye intera iri hagati ya-infragre (3-30 mm), bitabaye ngombwa ko abaturage bahinduka. Fotone ikorwa hifashishijwe inzibacyuho kandi ikoreshwa mubisabwa nko kumva gaze (nka CO₂ detection), amashusho ya terahertz, no gukurikirana ibidukikije.

4. Laser

Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser cyo hanze (grating / prism / indorerwamo ya MEMS) irashobora kugera kumurongo wa 50 nm, hamwe n'umurongo muto (<100 kHz) hamwe nikigereranyo cyo kwangwa kuruhande (> 50 dB). Bikunze gukoreshwa mubisabwa nka dense yumurambararo mwinshi kugabana (DWDM) itumanaho, gusesengura ibintu, hamwe no gufata amashusho ya biomedical. Lazeri ya Semiconductor ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byitumanaho rya laser, ibikoresho byo kubika ibyuma bya laser, ibikoresho byo gutunganya lazeri, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo lazeri no gupakira, ibikoresho byo kwandikiramo no gucapa, ibikoresho byubuvuzi bya laser, intera ya laser hamwe nibikoresho byo gutahura, ibikoresho bya laser nibikoresho byo kwidagadura no kwigisha, ibice bya laser nibice, nibindi. Bitewe nuburyo bugari bwa porogaramu, hariho ibirango byinshi nabakora laseri. Mugihe uhisemo, bigomba gushingira kubikenewe byihariye hamwe nibisabwa. Inganda zinyuranye zifite porogaramu zitandukanye mubice bitandukanye, kandi guhitamo ababikora na laseri bigomba gukorwa ukurikije umurima nyirizina wo gusaba umushinga.