ibikoresho bya lithium niobate bya firime nto n'ibikoresho bya lithium niobate bya firime nto

Akamaro n'akamaro ka lithium niobate mu ikoranabuhanga rya microwave fotoni rihuriweho

Ikoranabuhanga rya fotoni muri mikoroondeIfite ibyiza byo gukora cyane, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutunganya ibintu hamwe no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru make, ibi bikaba bishobora gusenya inzitizi za tekiniki za sisitemu ya mikoroonde isanzwe no kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho bya gisirikari by'ikoranabuhanga nka radar, intambara y'ikoranabuhanga, itumanaho no gupima no kugenzura. Ariko, sisitemu ya mikoroonde ishingiye ku bikoresho bitandukanye ifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nko kuba nini, uburemere bunini no kudahagarara neza, ibyo bikaba bibangamira cyane ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya mikoroonde mu kirere no mu kirere. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga rya mikoroonde rihujwe ririmo kuba inkunga ikomeye yo gusenya ikoreshwa rya mikoroonde mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bw'ikoranabuhanga bw'igisirikare no guha umwanya wuzuye ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga rya mikoroonde.

Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza fotoni rishingiye kuri SI n'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza fotoni rishingiye kuri INP byarushijeho gukura nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'iterambere mu itumanaho ry'amatara, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi byashyizwe ku isoko. Ariko, ku ikoreshwa rya fotoni ya microwave, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe muri ubu bwoko bubiri bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza fotoni: urugero, coefficient ya electro-optical idasanzwe ya Si modulator na InP modulator inyuranyije n'imiterere miremire n'ingufu nini ikurikiranwa n'ikoranabuhanga rya fotoni ya microwave; Urugero, switch ya silicon optical ikora optical path switching, yaba ishingiye ku ngaruka z'ubushyuhe-optical, ingaruka za piezoelectric, cyangwa ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza injection, ifite ibibazo byo kwihuta buhoro, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe, bitashobora guhura na fast beam scanning na large array scale microwave photon.

Lithium niobate yahoraga ari yo ihitamo rya mbere mu gutwara umuvuduko mwinshimodulation ya electro-optiqueibikoresho kubera ingaruka nziza za electro-optic zikoresha umurongo umwe. Ariko, lithium niobate isanzwemodulator y'amashanyarazi n'amataraikozwe mu bikoresho binini bya kristu ya lithiamu niobate, kandi ingano y'igikoresho ni nini cyane, idashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ikoranabuhanga rya fotoni ya microwave. Uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho bya lithiamu niobate hamwe n'ikigereranyo cya electro-optical coefficient ya literally muri sisitemu ya fotoni ya microwave iterally yabaye intego y'abashakashatsi bireba. Mu 2018, itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Harvard muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryatangaje bwa mbere ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza fotoni rishingiye kuri lithiamu niobate ya firime nto muri Nature, kuko ikoranabuhanga rifite ibyiza byo guhuza cyane, bandwidth nini ya electro-optical modulation, hamwe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza electro-optical, rimaze gutangizwa, ryahise ritera ibitekerezo by'abahanga n'inganda mu rwego rwo guhuza fotoni na fotoni ya microwave. Ukurikije ikoreshwa rya fotoni ya microwave, iyi nyandiko isuzuma ingaruka n'akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza fotoni rishingiye kuri lithiamu niobate ya firime nto ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya fotoni ya microwave.

Ibikoresho bya lithium niobate bifite firime nto n'ibikoresho bitomodulator ya lithiamu niobate
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, havutse ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bya lithium niobate, ni ukuvuga ko firime ya lithium niobate ivanwa muri kristu nini ya lithium niobate hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "ion slicing" igashyirwa kuri Si wafer hakoreshejwe urwego rwa silica buffer kugira ngo hakorwe ibikoresho bya LNOI (LiNbO3-On-Insulator) [5], byitwa ibikoresho bya lithium niobate bya firime nto muri iyi nyandiko. Inzira zo mu mazi zifite uburebure bwa nanometero zirenga 100 zishobora gushushanywa ku bikoresho bya lithium niobate bya firime nto binyuze mu buryo bwo gushushanya byumye, kandi itandukaniro rikomeye ry'index ya refractive y'index yakozwe rishobora kugera kuri 0.8 (iri hejuru cyane y'index ya refractive y'index ya lithium niobate ya 0.02), nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1. Inzira yo gupima cyane ituma byoroha guhuza urumuri n'index ya microwave mugihe ushushanya modulator. Bityo, ni byiza kugera ku muvuduko muto wa nusu y'umuraba no gupima umurambararo munini mu burebure bugufi.

Kugaragara kwa litiyumu ya niobate submicron yangiritse cyane bigabanya umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi ya litiyumu ya niobate. Intera iri hagati ya electrode ishobora kugabanuka ikagera kuri ~ 5 μm, kandi uburinganire hagati y’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi ya optique buriyongera cyane, kandi vπ ·L igabanuka kuva kuri V·cm zirenga 20 ikagera munsi ya 2.8 V·cm. Kubwibyo, munsi ya voltage imwe y’igice cy’umuvuduko, uburebure bw’igikoresho bushobora kugabanuka cyane ugereranije na modulator isanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yo kunoza ibipimo by’ubugari, ubunini n’intera bya electrode y’umuvuduko ugenda, nk’uko bigaragara ku ishusho, modulator ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwa bandwidth ya modulation iri hejuru cyane irenga 100 GHz.

Igishushanyo cya 1 (a) cyabazwe uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza hamwe n'ishusho ya （b） y'igice cya LN waveguide

Igishushanyo cya 2 （a） Umuyoboro w'amazi n'imiterere ya electrode hamwe na （b） igice cy'ingenzi cya modulator ya LN

Kugereranya modulators za lithium niobate za thin film na modulators gakondo za lithium niobate zicuruza, modulators zishingiye kuri silicon na indium phosphide (InP) modulators n'izindi modulators zigezweho zihuta cyane za electro-optical, ibipimo by'ingenzi by'igereranya birimo:
(1) Igicuruzwa cy'uburebure bwa volt ya kimwe cya kabiri (vπ · L, V·cm), gipima ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya module, uko agaciro kaba gato, niko ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya module bwiyongera;
(2) bandwidth ya modulation ya 3 dB (GHz), ipima uburyo modulator yitabira modulation ya frequency yo hejuru;
(3) Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo optique (dB) mu gace k’ihindagurika ry’amajwi. Bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ko modulator ya lithium niobate ifite ibyiza bifatika mu gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga, voltage ya half-wave, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo optique n'ibindi.

Silikoni, nk'inkingi nyamukuru ya optoelectronics integrated, imaze guterwa imbere kugeza ubu, inzira imaze gukura, miniaturization yayo ituma ibikoresho bikora/bidakora bihuzwa ku rwego runini, kandi modulator yayo yizweho cyane kandi yimbitse mu rwego rw'itumanaho ry'amajwi. Uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi ya silikoni ahanini ni ugukuraho umutwaro, gutera umutwaro no kwegeranya umutwaro. Muri byo, bandwidth ya modulator ni nziza cyane hamwe na linear degree carrier depletion mechanism, ariko kubera ko ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima w'amajwi rihurirana no kudahuza kw'akarere ka depletion, iyi ngaruka izazana nonlinear second-order distortion na third-order intermodulation terms, hamwe n'ingaruka zo kwinjiza umutwaro ku rumuri, bizatuma amplitude ya optical modulation na signal distortion igabanuka.

Modulator ya InP ifite ingaruka nziza za electro-optical, kandi imiterere y'iriba rya quantum ifite ibyiciro byinshi ishobora gukora modulator zifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane kandi zikoresha voltage nkeya hamwe na Vπ·L kugeza kuri 0.156V · mm. Ariko, itandukaniro ry'igipimo cyo kurekura hamwe n'umurima w'amashanyarazi rikubiyemo amagambo ari ku murongo n'atari ku murongo, kandi kwiyongera k'imbaraga z'umurima w'amashanyarazi bizatuma ingaruka za kabiri zigaragara. Kubwibyo, modulator za silicon na InP zigomba gushyiramo bias kugira ngo zikore pn junction iyo zikora, kandi pn junction izazana igihombo cyo kwinjiza urumuri. Ariko, ingano ya modulator y'ibi bibiri ni nto, ingano ya modulator ya InP y'ubucuruzi ni 1/4 cya modulator ya LN. Ingufu nyinshi zo guhindura modulation, zikwiriye imiyoboro ya digital optical transmission ifite ubucucike bwinshi n'intera ngufi nka data centers. Ingaruka za electro-optical za lithium niobate nta buryo bwo kwinjiza urumuri kandi nta gihombo kinini, bikwiranye n'intera ndende.itumanaho ry'amasoifite ubushobozi bwinshi kandi ifite umuvuduko wo hejuru. Mu ikoreshwa rya fotoni ya mikoroonde, coefficients za electro-optical za Si na InP ntabwo zihuza umurongo umwe, ibyo bikaba bidakwiranye na sisitemu ya fotoni ya mikoroonde ikurikirana umurongo munini n'ihindagurika rinini. Ibikoresho bya lithium niobate birakwiriye cyane ikoreshwa rya fotoni ya mikoroonde kubera ko coefficient yayo ya electro-optic modulation ihuza umurongo umwe gusa.