Filime yoroheje ya lithium niobate ibikoresho na firime yoroheje ya lithium niobate modulator

Ibyiza nakamaro ka firime yoroheje lithium niobate muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya microwave Photon

Ikoranabuhanga rya Microwaveifite ibyiza byo kwaguka kwinshi, imbaraga zikomeye zo gutunganya no gutakaza umuvuduko muke, bifite ubushobozi bwo guca intege tekinike ya sisitemu ya microwave gakondo no kunoza imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byamakuru nka radar, intambara ya elegitoroniki, itumanaho no gupima no kugenzura. Nyamara, sisitemu ya microwave ya fotone ishingiye kubikoresho byihariye ifite ibibazo bimwe nkubunini bunini, uburemere buremereye hamwe n’umutekano muke, ibyo bikabuza cyane ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya microwave mu kirere no mu kirere. Kubwibyo, tekinoroji ya microwave Photon ikoranwa ihinduka inkunga yingenzi yo guhagarika ikoreshwa rya microwave Photon muri sisitemu yamakuru ya elegitoroniki kandi igatanga umukino wuzuye kubyiza bya tekinoroji ya microwave.

Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya SI ishingiye kuri SI hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya INP rishingiye ku buhanga bwarushijeho gukura nyuma y’iterambere ry’imyaka mu bijyanye n’itumanaho rya optique, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi byashyizwe ku isoko. Nyamara, mugukoresha mikoro ya microwave, hariho ibibazo bimwe murubu bwoko bubiri bwikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji: urugero, coefficente idafite umurongo wa electro-optique ya Si modulator na moderi ya InP itandukanye numurongo muremure hamwe nibintu binini biranga imbaraga bikurikiranwa na tekinoroji ya microwave; Kurugero, silikoni optique ihindura inzira ihindura inzira, yaba ishingiye ku ngaruka zumuriro-optique, ingaruka za piezoelectric, cyangwa ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza inshinge zitwara ibintu, ifite ibibazo byo kwihuta gahoro gahoro, gukoresha amashanyarazi no gukoresha ubushyuhe, bidashobora guhura nibisumizi byihuse hamwe nubunini bunini bwa microwave ya fotone.

Litiyumu niobate yamye ihitamo ryambere kumuvuduko mwinshiamashanyarazi ya optiqueibikoresho kubera ingaruka nziza yumurongo wa electro-optique. Nyamara, lithium gakondo niobateamashanyarazi ya optiqueikozwe mubintu binini bya lithium niobate kristaliste, kandi ubunini bwigikoresho ni bunini cyane, budashobora guhaza ibikenewe bya tekinoroji ya microwave Photon. Nigute ushobora guhuza ibikoresho bya lithium niobate hamwe na coefficente yumurongo wa electro-optique muri sisitemu yikoranabuhanga ya microwave Photon yahindutse intego yabashakashatsi bireba. Mu mwaka wa 2018, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryaturutse muri kaminuza ya Harvard yo muri Amerika ryatangaje bwa mbere ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza amafoto rishingiye kuri firime yoroheje ya lithium niobate muri Kamere, kubera ko iryo koranabuhanga rifite ibyiza byo kwishyira hamwe kwinshi, umurongo munini wa electro-optique modulation, hamwe n’umurongo mwinshi w’ingaruka za electro-optique, umaze gutangizwa, byahise bitera ibitekerezo by’inganda n’inganda mu bijyanye no guhuza amafoto na microwave Photonics. Urebye kuri microwave ya foton ikoreshwa, iyi mpapuro isubiramo ingaruka nakamaro kikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji ya fotone ishingiye kuri firime yoroheje ya lithium niobate ku iterambere rya tekinoroji ya microwave.

Filime yoroheje lithium niobate ibikoresho na firime yorohejelithium niobate modulator
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, hagaragaye ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bya lithium niobate, ni ukuvuga firime ya lithium niobate yakuwe muri kristu nini ya lithium niobate ikoresheje uburyo bwa “ion gukata” hanyuma igahuzwa na wafer ya Si wafer hamwe na silika ya silika kugirango ikore LNOI (LiNbO3-On-Insulator) ibikoresho byitwa LINOI (LiNbO3-On-Insulator). Ridge waveguides ifite uburebure bwa metero zirenga 100 zirashobora gushirwa ku bikoresho bya firime yoroheje ya lithium niobate hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gutonyanga byumye, kandi itandukaniro ryiza ryerekana itandukaniro ryerekana imiyoboro ya elegitoronike yashizweho irashobora kugera kuri 0.8 (iruta kure cyane itandukanyirizo ryerekana itandukaniro rya lithium niobate waveguide ya 0.02), nkuko bigaragara mumashusho ya 1. Kubwibyo, ni byiza kugera ku gice cya kabiri cyumubyigano wa voltage hamwe nubunini bunini bwo guhinduranya muburebure bugufi.

Kugaragara kwigihombo gito lithium niobate submicron waveguide isenya icyuho cyumubyigano mwinshi wa lithium niobate electro-optique modulator. Umwanya wa electrode urashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri ~ 5 mm, kandi guhuzagurika hagati yumuriro wamashanyarazi nu murima wa optique byiyongera cyane, kandi vπ · L igabanuka kuva kuri 20 V · cm ikagera kuri cm 2.8 V · cm. Kubwibyo, munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyumuvuduko wa voltage, uburebure bwigikoresho burashobora kugabanuka cyane ugereranije na moderi gakondo. Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yo guhindura ibipimo by'ubugari, ubunini n'intera ya electrode igenda, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, modulator irashobora kugira ubushobozi bwa ultra-high modulation bandwidth irenga 100 GHz.

Igishushanyo.1 （a） uburyo bwo kubara uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza na （b） ishusho yambukiranya igice cya LN waveguide

Igishushanyo.2

Kugereranya moderi yoroheje ya lithium niobate modulator hamwe na moderi yubucuruzi ya lithium niobate gakondo, modulators ishingiye kuri silicon hamwe na moderi ya indium fosifide (InP) hamwe nibindi bihari byihuta byihuta bya electro-optique, ibipimo nyamukuru byo kugereranya birimo:
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(3) Gutakaza igihombo cyiza (dB) mukarere ka modulation. Birashobora kugaragara kumeza ko moderi yoroheje ya lithium niobate modulator ifite ibyiza bigaragara muguhindura umurongo, igice cya kabiri cyumuvuduko wa voltage, gutakaza interpolation optique nibindi.

Silicon, nkibuye ryimfuruka ya optoelectronics ihuriweho, yatejwe imbere kugeza ubu, inzira irakuze, miniaturizasi yayo ifasha muburyo bunini bwo guhuza ibikoresho bikora / pasiporo, kandi modulator yayo yarigishijwe cyane kandi yimbitse mubijyanye n'itumanaho ryiza. Uburyo bwa electro-optique yo guhindura moderi ya silicon ahanini ni ubwikorezi bwa depling-tion, gutera inshinge no kwirundanya kwabatwara. Muri byo, umurongo wa modulator ni mwiza hamwe nuburyo bwo kugereranya urwego rwo gutwara ibintu, ariko kubera ko gukwirakwiza umurima wa optique uhuzagurika hamwe no kudahuza akarere ka depletion, iyi ngaruka izashyiraho uburyo bwo kugoreka umurongo wa kabiri no kugoreka intermodulation yo kugoreka, bikajyana ningaruka zo kwinjiza ibintu bitwara amplitude hamwe nibimenyetso.

Moderi ya InP ifite ingaruka zidasanzwe za electro-optique, kandi imiterere ya kwant-kwinshi iringaniza irashobora kumenya umuvuduko mwinshi cyane hamwe na modulitori nkeya yo gutwara moteri hamwe na Vπ · L kugeza kuri 0.156V · mm. Ariko, itandukaniro ryibipimo byangirika hamwe numurima wamashanyarazi birimo amagambo yumurongo kandi utari umurongo, kandi kwiyongera kwingufu zumuriro w'amashanyarazi bizatuma ingaruka ya kabiri igaragara. Kubwibyo, silicon na InP electro-optique modulator ikeneye gukoresha kubogama kugirango ibe ihuriro rya pn mugihe ikora, kandi pn ihuza izana igihombo cyumucyo kumucyo. Nyamara, ingano ya modulator yibi byombi ni nto, ingano yubucuruzi ya InP ni 1/4 cya moderi ya LN. Impinduka nziza cyane, ikwiranye nubucucike buke nintera ngufi ya sisitemu ya optique yohereza amakuru nkibigo byamakuru. Ingaruka ya electro-optique ya lithium niobate ntabwo ifite uburyo bwo kwinjiza urumuri no gutakaza bike, bikwiranye nintera ndende ya coherentitumanaho ryizahamwe nubushobozi bunini nigipimo kinini. Muri porogaramu ya microwave ya fotone, coefficient ya electro-optique ya Si na InP ntabwo ari umurongo, udakwiranye na sisitemu ya microwave ya fotone ikurikirana umurongo muremure hamwe ningufu nini. Ibikoresho bya lithium niobate birakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa na microwave ya fotone kubera ko ifite umurongo wuzuye wa electro-optique modulation coefficient.