Laser ya X-ray pulse ya TW class attosecond

Laser ya X-ray pulse ya TW class attosecond
Imirasire ya X-ray ya Attosecondlaser yo gutera umuvudukoIfite imbaraga nyinshi kandi imara igihe gito, ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku isuzuma ryihuse cyane ritari umurongo ugororotse (ultra-speed nonlinear spectroscopy) hamwe n’ishusho ya X-ray diffraction. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryakoresheje icyiciro cy’ibice bibiri.Lazeri za elegitoroni zidafite imirasire ya Xgusohora imirasire ya attosecond yihariye. Ugereranyije na raporo zisanzweho, imbaraga mpuzandengo z'imirasire y'izuba zongerewe ku rugero rw'ubunini, imbaraga ntarengwa z'imirasire y'izuba ni 1.1 TW, naho ingufu mpuzandengo zirenga 100 μJ. Ubu bushakashatsi butanga kandi ibimenyetso bikomeye byerekana imyitwarire ya soliton-like superradiation mu ishami rya X-ray.Lazeri zikoresha ingufu nyinshibyazanye ubushakashatsi bushya bwinshi, harimo fiziki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, spectroscopy ya attosecond, na accelerators ya laser particles. Mu bwoko bwose bwa laser, X-rays zikoreshwa cyane mu gusuzuma indwara, gupima amakosa mu nganda, kugenzura umutekano no gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. X-ray laser yigenga ya X-ray (XFEL) ishobora kongera imbaraga za X-ray ku rugero rwinshi ugereranije n'izindi koranabuhanga zikora X-ray, bityo ikagura ikoreshwa rya X-rays mu rwego rwa spectroscopy idafite umurongo n'ishusho ya diffraction y'uduce duto aho ingufu nyinshi zikenewe. XFEL ya attosecond iherutse kugerwaho ni intambwe ikomeye mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga rya attosecond, yongera imbaraga za X-ray ziboneka ku rugero rurenga esheshatu ugereranije n'amasoko ya X-ray.

Lazeri za elegitoroni z'ubuntuishobora kubona ingufu za pulse nyinshi zirenze urugero rw'ibyuka bitunguranye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kudahuzagurika, buterwa n'imikoranire ihoraho y'imirasire mu muyoboro wa electron relativistic na oscillator ya magnetic. Mu ruhererekane rwa X-ray rukomeye (hafi 0.01 nm kugeza 0.1 nm), FEL igerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukanda bunini no gukanda nyuma yo gusaza. Mu ruhererekane rwa X-ray rworoshye (hafi 0.1 nm kugeza 10 nm), FEL ishyirwa mu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya cascade fresh-slice. Vuba aha, byavuzwe ko attosecond pulses zifite imbaraga za peak zigera kuri 100 GW zikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission (ESASE).

Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoresheje sisitemu yo kongera imbaraga mu buryo bw’ibyiciro bibiri ishingiye kuri XFEL kugira ngo ryongere imbaraga mu gusohora impumuro ya X-ray attosecond pulse iturutse kuri linac coherent.isoko y'urumuriku rwego rwa TW, uburyo bwo kunoza ingano y'ibisubizo byatanzwe. Imiterere y'igerageza igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1. Hashingiwe ku buryo bwa ESASE, umuyoboro wa photocathode uhinduka kugira ngo ubone urumuri rwa electron rufite umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi, kandi ukoreshwa mu gukora imirasire ya attosecond X. Umuvuduko wa mbere uherereye ku nkombe y'imbere y'umuvuduko w'urumuri rwa electron, nk'uko bigaragara mu mfuruka yo hejuru ibumoso y'Ishusho ya 1. Iyo XFEL igeze ku rugero rwo hejuru, urumuri rwa electron ruratinda ugereranije na X-ray hakoreshejwe compressor ya magnetic, hanyuma umuvuduko ugakorana n'urumuri rwa electron (agace gashya) kadahinduwe na modulation ya ESASE cyangwa laser ya FEL. Amaherezo, undulator ya kabiri ya magnetic ikoreshwa kugira ngo yongere imbaraga za X-ray binyuze mu mikoranire ya attosecond na agace gashya.

ISHUSHO YA 1 Ishusho y'igikoresho cy'igerageza; Ishusho yerekana umwanya w'igihe kirekire (ishusho y'igihe n'ingufu za electron, icyatsi), ishusho y'ubushyuhe (ubururu), n'imirasire ikorwa na amplification ya mbere (umuhengeri). XTCAV, umwobo wa X-band transverse; cVMI, sisitemu yo gufata amashusho ya coaxial rapid mapping; FZP, Fresnel band plate spectrometer

Imiterere yose ya attosecond yubakiwe mu rusaku, bityo buri miterere ifite imiterere itandukanye ya spectral na time-domain, ibyo abashakashatsi basuzumye birambuye. Ku bijyanye na spectra, bakoresheje spectrometer ya Fresnel band plate kugira ngo bapime spectra ya pulses ku buryo butandukanye ku burebure bwa undulator, kandi basanze izi spectra zagumanye imiraba yoroshye ndetse na nyuma yo kongera imbaraga, bigaragaza ko imiterere ya pulses yakomeje kuba imwe. Mu gice cy'igihe, impera y'inguni irapimwa kandi imiterere y'igihe cy'imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere iragaragazwa. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, imiterere ya X-ray ihuzwa n'imiterere ya laser ya infrared izunguruka. Fotoelectrons ivanzwe na X-ray pulse izatanga imirongo mu cyerekezo gitandukanye n'ubushobozi bwa vector ya laser ya infrared. Kubera ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi za laser zizenguruka uko igihe kigenda, ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko wa photoelectron rigenwa n'igihe cyo gusohora kwa electron, kandi isano iri hagati y'uburyo bwa angular bw'igihe cyo gusohora n'ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko wa photoelectron irashyirwaho. Ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko wa photoelectron ripimwa hakoreshejwe spectrometer y'ishusho ya coaxial fast mapping. Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ikwirakwizwa n'ibyavuye muri spectral, imiterere y'igihe cy'imivuduko ya attosecond ishobora kongera kubakwa. Ishusho ya 2 (a) igaragaza ikwirakwizwa ry'igihe cy'imivuduko, hamwe n'ikigereranyo cya 440 as. Amaherezo, icyuma gipima gaze cyakoreshejwe mu gupima ingufu z'imivuduko, maze ishusho yo gukwirakwiza hagati y'imbaraga z'imivuduko n'igihe cy'imivuduko nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 (b) ibarwa. Imiterere itatu ihuye n'imiterere itandukanye ya electron beam focusing, imiterere ya wave coning n'imiterere ya magnetic compressor delay. Imiterere itatu yatanze ingufu mpuzandengo za 150, 200, na 260 µJ, uko bikurikirana, hamwe n'imbaraga ntarengwa za 1.1 TW.

Ishusho ya 2. (a) Histogaramu y'ikwirakwizwa ry'igice cy'uburebure Ubugari bwose (FWHM) igihe cy'impinduka; (b) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'impinduka gihuye n'imbaraga zo hejuru n'igihe cy'impinduka

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ku nshuro ya mbere ikintu cya soliton-like superemission mu gice cya X-ray, kigaragara nk'aho umutima ugenda ugabanuka mu gihe cyo kongera imbaraga. Biterwa n'imikoranire ikomeye hagati ya electron n'imirasire, aho ingufu ziva kuri electron zijya ku mutwe w'umutima wa X-ray hanyuma zigasubira kuri electron zivuye ku murizo w'umutima. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri iki kintu, byitezwe ko imirasire ya X-ray ifite igihe gito n'imbaraga nyinshi ishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu kongera uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga mu mirasire no gukoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya imbaraga mu mirasire mu buryo bwa soliton-like.