Icyiciro cya TW attosecond X-ray pulse laser

Icyiciro cya TW attosecond X-ray pulse laser
X-raylaser pulsehamwe nimbaraga nyinshi hamwe nigihe gito cya pulse igihe nurufunguzo rwo kugera kuri ultrafast idafite umurongo wa spekitroscopi na X-ray itandukanya amashusho. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri Amerika ryakoresheje casade y'ibyiciro bibiriX-ray yubusa ya elegitoronikigusohora discret attosecond pulses. Ugereranije na raporo zisanzweho, impuzandengo yimpanuka ya pulses yiyongera bitewe nubunini, imbaraga ntarengwa ni 1.1 TW, naho ingufu zo hagati zirenga 100 μJ. Ubushakashatsi butanga kandi ibimenyetso bifatika byimyitwarire ya soliton imeze nka superradiation mumurima wa X-ray.Lazeri ifite ingufu nyinshibayoboye ibice byinshi bishya byubushakashatsi, harimo na fiziki yo murwego rwo hejuru, attosecond spectroscopy, hamwe na laser yihuta. Mu bwoko bwose bwa laseri, X-ray ikoreshwa cyane mugupima ubuvuzi, gutahura inenge mu nganda, kugenzura umutekano nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Lazeri ya X-ray yubusa (XFEL) irashobora kongera ingufu za X-ray nimbaraga nyinshi ugereranije nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji ya X-ray, bityo bikongerera ikoreshwa rya X-X mu murima wa spekitroscopi idafite umurongo kandi umwe- ibice bitandukanya amashusho aho imbaraga zisabwa. Intsinzi ya attosecond XFEL iheruka ni ikintu gikomeye cyagezweho muri siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rya attosecond, byongera imbaraga zo hejuru zishobora kuboneka inshuro zirenga esheshatu z'ubunini ugereranije n'intebe ya X-ray.

Ibikoresho bya elegitoronikiIrashobora kubona imbaraga za pulse nyinshi zitondekanya ubunini burenze urwego rwoherezwa mu kirere hifashishijwe ihungabana rusange, ibyo bikaba biterwa no gukomeza guhuza imirasire yumuriro mumirasire ya elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike hamwe na oscillator ya magneti. Muburyo bukomeye bwa X-ray (hafi 0.01 nm kugeza 0.1 nm yumurambararo), FEL igerwaho no guhunika bundle hamwe nubuhanga bwa coning nyuma yo kwiyuzuzamo. Muburyo bworoshye X-ray (hafi 0.1 nm kugeza 10 nm yumurambararo wa nm), FEL ishyirwa mubikorwa na tekinoroji ya casade nshya. Vuba aha, impiswi ya attosecond ifite ingufu zingana na 100 GW byavuzwe ko byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwongerewe imbaraga-bwonyine bwiyongera bwangiza (ESASE).

Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryakoresheje sisitemu yo kongera ibyiciro bibiri ishingiye kuri XFEL kugirango yongere ingufu za X-ray attosecond pulse isohoka muri linac coherentisoko yumucyokurwego rwa TW, gahunda yo kunoza ubunini hejuru y'ibisubizo byatangajwe. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1. Bishingiye ku buryo bwa ESASE, emoteri ya fotokatho ihindurwa kugirango ibone urumuri rwa elegitoronike rufite umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi rukoreshwa mu kubyara impiswi X-ray. Impanuka ya mbere iherereye ku nkombe yimbere y’igiti cya electron, nkuko bigaragara mu mfuruka y’ibumoso yo hejuru y’ishusho 1. Iyo XFEL igeze ku kwiyuzuza, urumuri rwa electron rutinda ugereranije na X-ray na compressor ya magneti, hanyuma impiswi ikorana na electron beam (ibice bishya) idahinduwe na moderi ya ESASE cyangwa laser ya FEL. Hanyuma, icya kabiri cya magnetiki ikoreshwa kugirango irusheho kwagura imirasire ya X binyuze mu mikoranire ya pulse ya attosecond hamwe nigice gishya.

FIG. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho; Igishushanyo cyerekana umwanya muremure (umwanya-imbaraga igishushanyo cya electron, icyatsi), umwirondoro wubu (ubururu), nimirasire ikorwa na amplification ya mbere (ibara ry'umuyugubwe). XTCAV, X-band transvers cavity; cVMI, sisitemu yerekana amashusho yihuta; FZP, Ikibaho cya Fresnel

Impanuka zose za attosecond zubatswe kuva ku rusaku, bityo buri pulse igira ibintu bitandukanye byerekana ibihe hamwe nigihe cyagenwe, abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi burambuye. Ku bijyanye na spekure, bakoresheje icyapa cya Fresnel cyerekana icyuma gipima ibipimo byerekana impiswi ku burebure butandukanye buringaniye, kandi basanze iyo spekrice yagumanye imivurungano yoroheje na nyuma yo kwongera kwa kabiri, byerekana ko impiswi zagumye zidasanzwe. Mugihe cyumwanya, impande zinguni zirapimwa kandi igihe cyumurongo wumurongo wa pulse irangwa. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, X-ray impuzu zuzuyemo uruziga ruzengurutse uruziga rwa lazeri. Ifoto ya elegitoronike ionisiyoneri ya X-ray izatanga imirongo mucyerekezo gitandukanye nubushobozi bwa vector ya laser ya infragre. Kuberako umurima w'amashanyarazi wa laser uzunguruka hamwe nigihe, gukwirakwiza umuvuduko wa fotoelectron bigenwa nigihe cyoherejwe na electron, kandi isano iri hagati yuburyo buringaniye bwigihe cyo gusohora no gukwirakwiza imbaraga za fotoelectron irashyirwaho. Ikwirakwizwa ryumuvuduko wamafoto yapimwe hifashishijwe coaxial yihuta yerekana ikarita yerekana amashusho. Ukurikije ikwirakwizwa nigisubizo cyibisubizo, igihe-indangururamajwi ya pulse ya attosecond irashobora gusubirwamo. Igishushanyo 2 (a) cyerekana ikwirakwizwa ryigihe cya pulse, hamwe na mediani ya 440 nkuko. Hanyuma, icyuma gikurikirana gaze cyakoreshejwe mugupima ingufu za pulse, hanyuma ikibanza cyo gutatanya hagati yingufu zimpanuka nigihe cyo kumara nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 2 (b). Ibishushanyo bitatu bihuye nibintu bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki yibanda kumiterere, imiterere ya waver coning hamwe na magnetiki compressor itinda. Ibishushanyo bitatu byatanze impuzandengo yingufu zingana zingana na 150, 200, na 260 µJ, hamwe nimbaraga nini ya 1.1 TW.

Igishushanyo 2. (A) Gukwirakwiza histogramu yuburebure bwuburebure bwuzuye (FWHM) impiswi igihe; (b) Gutatanya umugambi uhuye nimbaraga zo hejuru nigihe cyigihe

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ku nshuro ya mbere ibintu bya superemission imeze nka soliton mu itsinda rya X-ray, bigaragara ko ari impiswi ikomeza kugabanuka mugihe cyo kwongera. Iterwa nubufatanye bukomeye hagati ya electron nimirasire, hamwe ningufu ziva mumashanyarazi byihuse zikajya mumutwe wa X-ray hanyuma igasubira kuri electron kuva umurizo wimpyisi. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri iki kintu, byitezwe ko impanuka ya X-ray ifite igihe gito kandi nimbaraga zo hejuru zishobora kugerwaho mugukomeza uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga za superradiation no gukoresha amahirwe yo kugabanuka kwa pulse muburyo busa na soliton.