Ubwoko bwibikoresho bya fotodetekeri

Ubwoko bwaibikoresho bifotoraimiterere
Phototetectorni igikoresho gihindura ibimenyetso bya optique mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi, ‌ imiterere nuburyo butandukanye, ‌ birashobora kugabanywa mubice bikurikira: ‌
(1) Photoconductive Photodetector
Iyo ibikoresho bifotora bifata urumuri, umutwara wa fotogene yongerera imbaraga kandi bikagabanya ubukana bwabyo. Abatwara ibintu bashimishijwe nubushyuhe bwicyumba bagenda muburyo bwicyerekezo munsi yumuriro wamashanyarazi, bityo bikabyara amashanyarazi. Mugihe cyumucyo, electron zirishima kandi inzibacyuho zibaho. Muri icyo gihe, baragenda munsi yumurimo wumuriro wamashanyarazi kugirango bafotore. Ibitwara bifotora byiyongera byongera ubushobozi bwigikoresho bityo bikagabanya guhangana. Photoconductive Photodetector mubusanzwe yerekana inyungu nyinshi hamwe nubwitonzi bukomeye mumikorere, ariko ntishobora gusubiza ibimenyetso bya optique ya optique, bityo umuvuduko wo gusubiza uratinda, bigabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bifotora mubice bimwe.

(2)PN ifotora
PN Photodetector ikorwa no guhuza ibikoresho bya P-semiconductor nibikoresho bya N-semiconductor. Mbere yuko umubonano ushyirwaho, ibikoresho byombi biri muburyo butandukanye. Urwego rwa Fermi muri P-semiconductor yegereye inkombe ya bande ya valence, mugihe urwego rwa Fermi muri N-semiconductor yegereye inkombe ya bande. Muri icyo gihe, urwego rwa Fermi rwibikoresho bya N ku nkombe yumurongo wumuyoboro uhora wimurirwa hasi kugeza urwego rwa Fermi rwibikoresho byombi ruri mumwanya umwe. Guhindura imyanya ya bande ya bande na valence band nayo iherekejwe no kunama kwitsinda. Ihuriro rya PN riringaniye kandi rifite urwego rumwe rwa Fermi. Uhereye kubice byisesengura ryabatwara ibicuruzwa, benshi mubatwara ibicuruzwa mubikoresho bya P ni imyobo, mugihe ibyinshi mubitwara ibicuruzwa mubikoresho bya N ari electron. Iyo ibikoresho byombi bihuye, kubera itandukaniro ryubwikorezi bwabatwara, electron mubikoresho bya N-bwoko bizakwirakwira kuri P-P, mugihe electron zo mubikoresho bya N bizagenda bikwirakwira muburyo butandukanye. Agace katarishyuwe kasizwe no gukwirakwiza electroni nu mwobo bizakora umurima wubatswe n’amashanyarazi, kandi amashanyarazi yubatswe yubatswe azagenda atwara abagenzi, kandi icyerekezo cya drift gihabanye gusa nicyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza, bivuze ko the kwibumbira mumashanyarazi yubatswe birinda ikwirakwizwa ryabatwara, kandi hariho gukwirakwira no gutembera imbere muri PN kugeza ubwo ubwoko bubiri bwimikorere iringaniye, kuburyo ubwikorezi buhagaze ni zeru. Iringaniza ryimbere.
Iyo ihuriro rya PN ryerekanwe nimirasire yumucyo, ingufu za fotone zihererekanwa nuwitwaye, hanyuma uwatwaye fotogene, ni ukuvuga ifoto ya elegitoroniki-mwobo, irabyara. Mubikorwa byumuriro wamashanyarazi, electron nu mwobo bigenda byerekeza mukarere ka N no mukarere ka P, hamwe no gutwarwa kwicyerekezo cyikinyabiziga gifotora gitanga fotokurrent. Iri ni ihame shingiro rya PN ihuza Photodetector.

(3)PIN ifotora
Pin Photodiode ni ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa P hamwe nubwoko bwa N hagati ya I layer, I layer yibikoresho muri rusange ni ibintu byinjira cyangwa bike-doping. Uburyo bwayo bukora busa nisangano rya PN, mugihe ihuriro rya PIN ryerekanwe nimirasire yumucyo, fotone yohereza ingufu kuri electron, ikabyara amashanyarazi atwara amashanyarazi, kandi umurima wamashanyarazi wimbere cyangwa umurima wamashanyarazi wo hanze bizatandukanya electron-de-fotogene. byombi murwego rwo kugabanuka, hamwe nabatwara ibicuruzwa bitwarwa bazakora umuyoboro mumuzunguruko wo hanze. Uruhare rwakoreshejwe na layer ya I ni kwagura ubugari bwurwego rwa depletion, kandi layer nzahinduka rwose igabanuka munsi ya voltage nini ya bias, kandi ibyakozwe na electron-umwobo byombi bizatandukana byihuse, bityo umuvuduko wo gusubiza wa PIN ihuza Photodetector muri rusange irihuta kuruta iya PN ihuza. Abatwara hanze ya I layer nabo bakusanyirijwe hamwe na depletion layer binyuze mukwirakwiza, gukora imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa. Umubyimba wa I layer muri rusange ni muto cyane, kandi intego yawo ni ukunoza umuvuduko wo gusubiza wa detector.

(4)APD ifotoraavalanche Photodiode
Uburyo bwaavalanche Photodiodeni nkibya PN ihuza. Photodetector ya APD ikoresha cyane PN ihuza cyane, voltage ikora ishingiye kubushakashatsi bwa APD nini, kandi mugihe hiyongereyeho kubogama kwinshi, kugongana ionisation no kugwiza avalanche bizabera imbere muri APD, kandi imikorere ya detector yiyongera kumafoto. Iyo APD iri muburyo bubogamye, umurima wamashanyarazi murwego rwa depletion uzaba ukomeye cyane, kandi abatwara fotogène yakozwe numucyo bazahita batandukana kandi byihuta bitwarwa nigikorwa cyumuriro wamashanyarazi. Hano haribishoboka ko electron zizagwa mumatara muriki gikorwa, bigatuma electron ziri muri kasike ziba ionisiyoneri. Iyi nzira irasubirwamo, kandi ion ioni muri lattice nayo igongana na latike, bigatuma umubare wabatwara ibicuruzwa muri APD wiyongera, bikavamo umuyoboro munini. Nibwo buryo bwihariye bwumubiri imbere muri APD niho disiketi zishingiye kuri APD muri rusange zifite ibiranga umuvuduko wihuse, inyungu nini zigezweho hamwe nubukangurambaga bukabije. Ugereranije na PN ihuza na PIN, APD ifite umuvuduko wo gusubiza byihuse, nicyo gisubizo cyihuse mubituba byifotozi byubu.

(5) Ifoto ya Schottky ifotora
Imiterere y'ibanze ya Photodetector ya Schottky ni diode ya Schottky, ibiranga amashanyarazi bisa nibyahujwe na PN byasobanuwe haruguru, kandi bifite imiyoboro idahwitse hamwe nuyobora neza no guca inyuma. Iyo icyuma gifite akazi gakomeye hamwe na semiconductor hamwe numurimo muto wimirimo ifatika ihuza, hashyirwaho bariyeri ya Schottky, kandi ibisubizo bivamo ni ihuriro rya Schottky. Inzira nyamukuru isa nkaho ihuza PN, ifata N-semiconductor nkurugero, mugihe ibikoresho bibiri bigize imikoranire, bitewe nubushakashatsi butandukanye bwa electron yibikoresho byombi, electron muri semiconductor izakwirakwira kuruhande rwicyuma. Electron ikwirakwijwe yegeranya ubudahwema kuruhande rumwe rwicyuma, bityo isenya kutabogama kwamashanyarazi kwumwimerere kwicyuma, bigakora umurima wamashanyarazi wubatswe kuva mumashanyarazi kugeza kumyuma hejuru yumubano, hanyuma electron zikagenda munsi yibikorwa bya umurima w'amashanyarazi w'imbere, hamwe no gukwirakwiza no gutwara ibintu bizakorerwa icyarimwe, nyuma yigihe runaka kugirango ugere kuburinganire buringaniye, hanyuma amaherezo ahuze Schottky. Mugihe cyumucyo, akarere ka bariyeri gakurura urumuri kandi bikabyara ibice bibiri bya elegitoroniki, mugihe abatwara fotogène imbere imbere ya PN bakeneye kunyura mukarere ka diffuzione kugirango bagere mukarere gahuza. Ugereranije na PN ihuza, Photodetector ishingiye ku masangano ya Schottky ifite umuvuduko wo gusubiza byihuse, kandi umuvuduko wo gusubiza ushobora no kugera kurwego rwa ns.