Igice cya kabiri cya laser yihuta cyane

Bidasanzwelaser yihuta cyaneIgice cya kabiri

Gutatana no gukwirakwira kw'amagufwa: Itsinda ritinda gukwirakwira
Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye cyane mu bijyanye na tekiniki ihura nazo iyo ukoresha lasers zihuta cyane ni ugukomeza igihe cy'imivuduko migufi cyane itangwa nalaser. Imiterere y'amajwi yihuta cyane ishobora kwangirika igihe, bigatuma imiterere iba miremire. Iyi ngaruka irushaho kuba mbi uko igihe cy'imiterere y'amajwi ya mbere kigabanuka. Nubwo laser yihuta cyane ishobora gusohora imiterere y'amajwi mu gihe cy'amasegonda 50, ishobora kongerwa mu gihe hakoreshejwe indorerwamo n'amajipo kugira ngo yohereze umuvuduko w'amajwi aho yagenewe, cyangwa ndetse no kohereza umuvuduko w'amajwi mu kirere.

Uku kugoreka kw'igihe gupimwa hakoreshejwe igipimo cyitwa group delayed dispersion (GDD), kizwi kandi nka second-order dispersion. Mu by'ukuri, hari kandi amagambo yo kugereka kw'urwego rwo hejuru ashobora kugira ingaruka ku ikwirakwizwa ry'igihe rya ultrafart-laser pulses, ariko mu by'ukuri, akenshi birahagije gusuzuma ingaruka za GDD. GDD ni agaciro gashingiye ku nshuro gafite umurongo uhuye n'ubunini bw'ikintu runaka. Optique yo gutwara abantu nka lens, idirishya, n'ibice by'ingenzi akenshi bigira agaciro ka GDD keza, bigaragaza ko iyo pulses zikonje zishobora guha optique yo gutwara abantu igihe kirekire kuruta izitangwa nasisitemu za laser. Ibice bifite umurongo muto (ni ukuvuga uburebure bw'umurambararo) bikwirakwira vuba kurusha ibice bifite umurongo munini (ni ukuvuga uburebure bw'umurambararo bugufi). Uko umurambararo unyura mu bintu byinshi, uburebure bw'umurambararo mu murambararo buzakomeza kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ku gihe gito cy'umurambararo, bityo n'uburebure bw'umurambararo bunini, iyi ngaruka irushaho gukabya kandi ishobora gutuma umurambararo uhindagurika cyane.

Porogaramu za laser zihuta cyane
spectroscopy
Kuva aho hatangiriye gukoresha amasoko ya laser yihuta cyane, spectroscopy yabaye imwe mu nzego z'ingenzi bakoresha. Binyuze mu kugabanya igihe cy'imitsi y'amaraso kugeza ku masegonda ya femto cyangwa ndetse na attosecond, inzira zihinduka muri fiziki, chimie na biology zitari zishoboka kubonwa ubu zishobora kugerwaho. Imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi ni uburyo atome igenda, kandi kwitegereza uburyo atome igenda byazamuye ubumenyi bwa siyansi ku mikorere y'ibanze nko guhindagura molekile, gutandukana kwa molekile no kohereza ingufu muri poroteyine zikora photosynthesis.

amashusho y'ubuzima
Imashini zikora ibyuma bipima imbaraga nyinshi zishyigikira inzira zitari umurongo kandi zinoza ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho y’ibinyabuzima, nka mikorosikopi ya fotoni nyinshi. Muri sisitemu ya fotoni nyinshi, kugira ngo habeho ikimenyetso kitari umurongo kiva mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima cyangwa intego ya fotoni z’urumuri, fotoni ebyiri zigomba guhurirana mu mwanya no mu gihe. Ubu buryo butari umurongo bunoza ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho binyuze mu kugabanya cyane ibimenyetso by’urumuri rw’inyuma bibangamira inyigo z’imikorere ya fotoni imwe. Ishusho y’inyuma y’ibimenyetso byoroshye iragaragara. Agace gato k’ibyuka bya fotoni nyinshi kandi karinda uburozi bw’ifoto kandi kagabanye kwangirika kw’icyitegererezo.

Ishusho ya 1: Urugero rw'imbonerahamwe y'inzira y'imirasire mu igerageza rya mikorosikopi ifite fotoni nyinshi

Gutunganya ibikoresho bya laser
Inkomoko za laser zihuta cyane zahinduye uburyo laser ikora micromachine ndetse no gutunganya ibikoresho bitewe n'uburyo bwihariye pulses ngufi cyane zikorana n'ibikoresho. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, iyo tuganira kuri LDT, igihe cy'ingufu zihuta cyane kiba cyihuta kurusha igihe ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu gice cy'ibikoresho. Laser zihuta cyane zikora agace gato cyane gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe kurushalasers za nanosecond pulsed, bigatuma habaho gutakaza incision nke no gukora imashini neza kurushaho. Iri hame rinakoreshwa no mu buvuzi, aho gukoresha uburyo bwo gukata hakoreshejwe laser ya ultrafart bifasha kugabanya kwangirika kw'ingingo zikikije kandi bikanoza ubunararibonye bw'umurwayi mu gihe cyo kubagwa hakoreshejwe laser.

Attosecond pulses: ahazaza ha lasers zihuta cyane
Mu gihe ubushakashatsi bukomeje guteza imbere imirasire ya laser yihuta cyane, hari gukorwa amasoko mashya kandi meza y'urumuri rufite igihe gito cyo gutera kw'amajwi. Kugira ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa ibikorwa byihuse by'umubiri, abashakashatsi benshi bari kwibanda ku gukora imirasire ya attosecond - hagati y'amasegonda 10-18 mu rugero rw'uburebure bwa ultraviolet (XUV). Imirasire ya Attosecond yemerera gukurikirana ingendo za electron no kunoza ubumenyi bwacu ku miterere ya elegitoroniki na quantum mechanics. Nubwo guhuza imirasire ya XUV attosecond mu nganda bitaratera imbere cyane, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere bikomeje muri urwo rwego bizakuraho iri koranabuhanga mu nganda no mu nganda, nk'uko byagenze kuri femtosecond na picosecond.amasoko ya laser.