Optocouplers, which connect circuits using optical signals as the medium, are an element active in areas where high precision is indispensable, such as acoustics, medicine and industry, due to their high versatility and reliability, such as durability and insulation.
Ariko ni mubihe bihe bya optocoupler, kandi ni irihe hame ryihishe inyuma yabyo? Cyangwa mugihe mubyukuri ukoresheje ifoto ya firime mubikorwa byawe bya elegitoroniki, urashobora kumenya guhitamo no kuyikoresha. Kuberako Optocouple ikunze kwitiranya hamwe na "fonotransistor" na "Photodiode". Kubwibyo, ni irihe fotosi yatangizwa muri iyi ngingo.
Ifoto ni iki?
Optocoupler nigice cya elegitoroniki ettmology etymologiya ifite optique
couperr, bisobanura "guhuza n'umucyo." Rimwe na rimwe uzwi kandi nka Optocoupler, Optique isolator, ibisobanuro bya optique, nibindi bigizwe nibintu byo gusohora umucyo, kandi bihuza ibintu byumucyo, kandi bihuza ibice byumuziki unyuze hejuru yikimenyetso cya Optique. Nta guhuza amashanyarazi hagati yiyi nkombe, muyandi magambo, muburyo bwo kwisuzumisha. Kubwibyo, ihuriro ryumuzunguruko hagati yinjiza nibisohoka riratandukanye kandi ikimenyetso cyanduzwa gusa. Huza neza imirongo hamwe nibisobanuro bitandukanye hamwe no gusohoka mu nzoga voltage, hamwe no kwinjiza voltage ndende hagati yinjiza nibisohoka.
Mubyongeyeho, mugukwirakwiza cyangwa guhagarika iki kimenyetso cyoroheje, ikora nka switch. Ihame rirambuye na Mechanism bizasobanurwa nyuma, ariko urumuri rwo gusohora ikintu cya fotocoupler ni diode).
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, igihe LEDs yahimbwe kandi iterambere ryabo ry'ikoranabuhanga ryari rikomeye,OpTtoelectronicsyabaye igiterane. Icyo gihe, bitandukanyeIbikoresho bya Optiquebaravumbuwe, kandi ifoto copeefectic bari umwe muri bo. Nyuma yaho, Optoelectronics yinjiye mu mibereho yacu.
① Ihame / Uburyo
Ihame rya Optocoupler nuko ibintu byo gusohora urumuri bihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mumucyo, kandi ikintu cyo kwakira urumuri gituma habaho urumuri rwinyuma rwinyuma kumuzunguruko. Ikintu cyo gusohora urumuri hamwe numucyo Kwakira ibintu biri imbere yumucyo wo hanze, kandi byombi birahabanye kugirango batandure urumuri.
Semiconductor ikoreshwa mubintu byo gusohora urumuri nicyo cyayobowe (Diode yoroheje yoroheje). Kurundi ruhande, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa semiconduction ikoreshwa mubikoresho byakira byoroshye, bitewe no gukoresha ibidukikije, ingano yo hanze, igiciro, nibindi, ikoreshwa cyane nifotoye.
Mugihe udakora, gufotora bitwara bike muri iki gihe kirimo semicondo basanzwe. Iyo urumuri rwabaye aho, amafoto atera imbaraga zifotoro hejuru ya semiconductor ya p-Ubwoko bwa N-Ubwoko bwa N-Ubwoko bwa N-Ubwoko bwa F, Ubwoko bwa electron.
Amafoto ntabwo yitabira nkibifoto, ariko nibifite ingaruka zo kongera ibisohoka kugeza kuri magana 1.000 inshuro 1.000 yinjiza (kubera amashanyarazi imbere). Kubwibyo, barumva bihagije gufata ibimenyetso bidakomeye, bikaba ari inyungu.
Mubyukuri, "umururumba" tubona ni igikoresho cya elegitoroniki n'amahame amwe na Mechanism.
Nyamara, inzitizi zoroheje zikoreshwa nka sensor kandi zigakora uruhare rwabo mugushira ikintu cyoroshye hagati yikintu cyo gusohora urumuri numucyo wakiriye urumuri. Kurugero, irashobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha ibiceri ninoti inoti mu imashini zo kugurisha na ATM.
Ibiranga
Kubera ko ibicuruzwa bya Optocouplits byerekana urumuri, insulation hagati yinjiza hamwe nuruhande rwibisohoka ni ikintu cyingenzi. Insulation nyinshi ntiyibasiwe cyane nurusaku, ariko kandi irinda impanuka kurubu hagati yumuzunguruko yegeranye, igira ingaruka zikomeye mubijyanye numutekano. Kandi imiterere ubwayo iraryoroshye kandi ishyira mu gaciro.
Bitewe n'amateka maremare, ibicuruzwa bikize byibicuruzwa bitandukanye nibyiza kandi inyungu zidasanzwe za Optocouplers. Kuberako nta hantu hahurira, kwambara hagati y'ibice ni bito, kandi ubuzima ni bugufi. Ku rundi ruhande, hariho kandi ibiranga imikorere idasanzwe yoroshye ihindagurika, kuko iyobowe zizangirika buhoro buhoro nigihe cyashize nubushyuhe.
Cyane cyane mugihe igice cyimbere cya plastike gikora igihe kirekire, ube igicu, ntigishobora kuba urumuri rwiza cyane. Ariko, uko byagenda kose, ubuzima ni bugufi cyane ugereranije nubuhuriro bwimikorere ya mashini.
Amakuru afotora muri rusange atinda kuruta fotodiode, kugirango bidakoreshwa mu itumanaho ryihuta. Ariko, ibi ntabwo ari ingaruka, nkibice bimwe bifite imirongo yongerewe kumurongo wo gusohoka kugirango wongere umuvuduko. Mubyukuri, ntabwo imizunguruko yose ya elegitoronike igomba kongera umuvuduko.
Gukoresha
Amafoto ya Phosefecticbikoreshwa cyane muguhindura ibikorwa. Umuzunguruko uzaba ufite imbaraga muguhindura switch, ariko uhereye kubiranga byavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane iyo mico nubuzima burebure, bikwiranye nibintu bisaba kwizerwa cyane. Kurugero, urusaku ni umwanzi wa elegitoroniki w'amashanyarazi n'amajwi ibikoresho by'amajwi / ibikoresho by'itumanaho.
Irakoreshwa kandi muri sisitemu yo gutwara moteri. Impamvu ya moteri nuko umuvuduko ugenzurwa na Inverter iyo utwarwa, ariko bitanga urusaku kubera ibisohoka hejuru. Uru ruku urusaku ntiruzatera gusa moteri ubwayo kunanirwa, ahubwo rutemba binyuze mu "butaka" bigira ingaruka kuri peripheri. By'umwihariko, ibikoresho hamwe no kwirambire igihe kirekire biroroshye gutora uru rusaku ruhanitse, niba bibaye mu ruganda, bizatera igihombo kinini kandi rimwe na rimwe bizatera impanuka zikomeye. Ukoresheje Optocouplers yuzuye cyane kugirango uhindure, ingaruka kubindi bizungurutse nibikoresho birashobora kugabanuka.
Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukoresha Optocouplers
Nigute Ukoresha Optocoupler iburyo kugirango usabe kubishushanyo mbonera? Abashakashatsi bakomeye bakomeye bakomeye bazasobanura uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukoresha Optocouplers.
① Buri gihe ufungure kandi uhore hafi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa fotocouplers: ubwoko bwa switch bizimye (kuzimya) mugihe nta jambo rishyirwa mubikorwa (off) mugihe umupfumu ufunguye, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduranya bwafunguye mugihe nta ndogozi. Saba kandi uzimye iyo voltage ikoreshwa.
Uwahoze yitwa mubisanzwe afungura, kandi uwanyuma yitwa bisanzwe. Nigute wahitamo, ubanza biterwa nubwuzugire.
② Reba ibisohoka hamwe na voltage ikoreshwa
Amafoto afite umutungo wo kongera ibimenyetso, ariko ntugahore unyure muri voltage kandi ubushake. Birumvikana ko byapimwe, ariko voltage igomba gukoreshwa kuva yinjiza ukurikije ibisohoka byifuzwa.
Niba turebye urupapuro rwamakuru, dushobora kubona imbonerahamwe aho axis ari ibisohoka (abaterankunga bigezweho) hamwe na horizontal axis ninjiza ya voltage). Abakusanywaho batandukanye ukurikije ubukana bwa LED, bityo bagashyireho voltage ukurikije ibisohoka byifuzwa.
Ariko, urashobora gutekereza ko ibisohoka bibarwa hano biratangaje. Nuburyo bwagaciro bushobora gusohora byimazeyo nyuma yo kwiyanganya kwangirika mugihe, bityo ntibirenze urugero ntarengwa.
Ibinyuranye, harigihe habaho ibisohoka bigezweho atari binini. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo Optocoupler, menya neza urebe witonze "ibisohoka imbere" hanyuma uhitemo ibicuruzwa bihuye nayo.
③ ntarengwa
Umuyoboro ntarengwa uriho ni ntarengwa yagaciro ka Optocouple irashobora kwihanganira mugihe ukora. Na none, dukeneye kumenya neza ko tuzi uburyo ibisohoka bikeneye umushinga ukeneye nibiki kwinjiza voltage ari mbere yo kugura. Menya neza ko agaciro ntarengwa hamwe nubukoreshwa ntabwo bigarukira, ariko ko hari margin.
④ Shiraho amafoto meza
Guhitamo Optocoupler iburyo, reka tuyikoreshe mumushinga nyawo. Kwishyiriraho ubwabyo biroroshye, gusa uhuze kuri terminal ihujwe kuri buri cyiciro cyinjira kumurongo hanyuma usohoke umuzunguruko. Ariko, kwitabwaho ntibigomba guterwa no kunomera kuruhande rwinjiza hamwe nigisubizo. Kubwibyo, ugomba kandi kugenzura ibimenyetso mumeza yamakuru, kugirango utazabona ko amafoto ya copurloctric akarenganye nyuma yo gushushanya ikibaho cya PCB.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jul-29-2023