Optocouplers, ihuza imirongo ikoresheje ibimenyetso bya optique nkibikoresho, ni ikintu gikora mubice aho ibisobanuro bihanitse ari ngombwa, nka acoustics, ubuvuzi ninganda, bitewe nuburyo bwinshi kandi bwizewe, nko kuramba no kubika.
Ariko mugihe kandi mubihe bihe optocoupler ikora, kandi ni irihe hame ryihishe inyuma?Cyangwa mugihe ukoresha fotokopi mubikorwa byawe bya elegitoroniki, ushobora kutamenya guhitamo no kuyikoresha.Kuberako optocoupler ikunze kwitiranywa na "Phototransistor" na "photodiode".Kubwibyo, fotokopi niyihe izatangizwa muriki kiganiro.
Fotokopi ni iki?
Optocoupler nikintu cya elegitoroniki etymologiya ni nziza
coupler, bisobanura “guhuza n'umucyo.”Rimwe na rimwe bizwi kandi nka optocoupler, optique isolator, optique ya optique, nibindi bigizwe nibintu bisohora urumuri nibintu byakira urumuri, kandi bigahuza uruziga rwinjiza hamwe nibisohoka kuruhande binyuze mubimenyetso bya optique.Nta sano ihuza amashanyarazi hagati yiyi mizunguruko, muyandi magambo, muburyo bwo kwigizayo.Kubwibyo, guhuza umuzenguruko hagati yinjiza nibisohoka biratandukanye kandi ibimenyetso byonyine byoherejwe.Huza neza imizunguruko hamwe nibintu bitandukanye byinjira nibisohoka bya voltage urwego, hamwe na voltage nini cyane hagati yinjiza nibisohoka.
Mubyongeyeho, mugukwirakwiza cyangwa guhagarika iki kimenyetso cyumucyo, gikora nka switch.Ihame nuburyo burambuye bizasobanurwa nyuma, ariko ikintu cyohereza urumuri rwa fotokopi ni LED (diode itanga urumuri).
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza muri za 70, igihe havumbuwe udusimba kandi iterambere ryabo mu ikoranabuhanga ryari rifite akamaro,optoelectronicsyahindutse iterambere.Icyo gihe, bitandukanyeibikoresho byizabahimbwe, kandi ifoto ifata amashanyarazi yari imwe murimwe.Ibikurikira, optoelectronics yinjiye vuba mubuzima bwacu.
Ihame / uburyo
Ihame rya optocoupler ni uko ikintu gisohora urumuri gihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi byinjira mumucyo, naho ikintu cyakira urumuri cyohereza urumuri rwinyuma rwamashanyarazi kumurongo usohoka uruziga.Ikintu gisohora urumuri nibintu byakira urumuri biri imbere imbere yumucyo wo hanze, kandi byombi birahabanye kugirango byohereze urumuri.
Igice cya kabiri gikoreshwa mubintu bitanga urumuri ni LED (diode itanga urumuri).Kurundi ruhande, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa semiconductor ikoreshwa mubikoresho byakira urumuri, bitewe nibidukikije bikoreshwa, ingano yo hanze, igiciro, nibindi, ariko muri rusange, ikoreshwa cyane ni Phototransistor.
Iyo idakora, Phototransistors itwara bike mubyuma bisanzwe bya semiconductor ikora.Iyo urumuri ruri aho, fototransistor itanga ingufu za fotoelectromotive hejuru yubuso bwa P-semiconductor na N ubwoko bwa semiconductor, imyobo yo mu bwoko bwa N-semiconductor yinjira mu karere ka p, umuyoboro wa elegitoroniki wubusa mu karere ka p uratemba mu karere ka n, kandi ikigezweho kizatemba.
Phototransistors ntabwo yitabira nka fotodiode, ariko kandi ifite n'ingaruka zo kongera ibisohoka inshuro ijana kugeza 1.000 ibimenyetso byinjira (kubera umurima w'amashanyarazi w'imbere).Kubwibyo, barumva bihagije kugirango batore nibimenyetso bidakomeye, nibyiza.
Mubyukuri, "urumuri rwumucyo" tubona nigikoresho cya elegitoronike gifite ihame nuburyo bumwe.
Nyamara, guhagarika urumuri mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nka sensor kandi bigakora uruhare rwazo mugutambutsa ikintu kibuza urumuri hagati yibintu bitanga urumuri nibintu byakira urumuri.Kurugero, irashobora gukoreshwa mugutahura ibiceri na inoti mumashini zicuruza na ATM.
Ibiranga
Kubera ko optocoupler yohereza ibimenyetso binyuze mumucyo, insulation hagati yinjiza nuruhande rusohoka ni ikintu cyingenzi.Kwirinda cyane ntabwo byatewe n urusaku byoroshye, ariko kandi birinda umuvuduko wimpanuka hagati yumuzunguruko wegeranye, bigira akamaro cyane mubijyanye numutekano.Kandi imiterere ubwayo iroroshye kandi ishyize mu gaciro.
Bitewe namateka maremare, ibicuruzwa bikungahaye kumurongo wibikorwa bitandukanye nabyo nibyiza bidasanzwe bya optocouplers.Kuberako ntaho uhurira kumubiri, kwambara hagati yibice ni bito, kandi ubuzima ni burebure.Kurundi ruhande, hari n'ibiranga imikorere yumucyo yoroshye guhindagurika, kuko LED izagenda yangirika buhoro buhoro hamwe nigihe cyigihe nubushyuhe.
Cyane cyane iyo igice cyimbere cya plastike ibonerana igihe kirekire, gihinduka ibicu, ntibishobora kuba urumuri rwiza cyane.Ariko, uko byagenda kwose, ubuzima ni burebure cyane ugereranije no guhuza imikoranire ya mashini.
Phototransistors muri rusange itinda kurenza fotodiode, ntabwo rero ikoreshwa mubitumanaho byihuse.Nyamara, ibi ntabwo ari bibi, kuko ibice bimwe bifite imiyoboro ya amplification kumasoko kugirango yongere umuvuduko.Mubyukuri, ntabwo imiyoboro ya elegitoronike yose ikeneye kongera umuvuduko.
Gukoresha
Amashanyarazizikoreshwa cyane muguhindura imikorere.Umuzunguruko uzongerwamo imbaraga mugukingura kuri switch, ariko duhereye kubiranga ibyavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane izirinda nubuzima burebure, birahuye neza na ssenariyo isaba kwizerwa cyane.Kurugero, urusaku ni umwanzi wa elegitoroniki yubuvuzi nibikoresho byamajwi / ibikoresho byitumanaho.
Irakoreshwa kandi muri sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga.Impamvu ya moteri nuko umuvuduko ugenzurwa na inverter iyo itwaye, ariko itanga urusaku kubera umusaruro mwinshi.Uru rusaku ntiruzatera moteri ubwayo kunanirwa gusa, ahubwo ruzanyura no mu "butaka" bugira ingaruka kuri peripheri.By'umwihariko, ibikoresho bifite insinga ndende biroroshye gufata urusaku rwinshi rusohoka, niba rero bibaye muruganda, bizatera igihombo kinini kandi rimwe na rimwe bitera impanuka zikomeye.Ukoresheje optocoupler ikingiwe cyane muguhindura, ingaruka zindi mizunguruko nibikoresho birashobora kugabanuka.
Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukoresha optocouplers
Nigute ushobora gukoresha optocoupler ibereye mugushushanya ibicuruzwa?Abashinzwe iterambere rya microcontroller bakurikira bazasobanura uburyo bwo guhitamo no gukoresha optocoupler.
① Buri gihe ufungure kandi uhore hafi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa fotokopi: ubwoko bwuzimya kuzimya (kuzimya) mugihe nta voltage ikoreshwa, ubwoko bwifunguye burazimya (kuzimya) mugihe hashyizweho voltage, nubwoko bwihindura. ifunguye iyo nta voltage ihari.Koresha kandi uzimye iyo voltage ikoreshwa.
Iyambere yitwa bisanzwe ifunguye, naho iyanyuma isanzwe ifunze.Uburyo bwo guhitamo, ubanza biterwa nubwoko bwumuzunguruko ukeneye.
② Reba ibyasohotse bigezweho na voltage ikoreshwa
Abafotora bafite imitungo yo kongera ibimenyetso, ariko ntibajya banyura mumashanyarazi nubushake uko bishakiye.Byumvikane ko, byapimwe, ariko voltage igomba gukoreshwa uhereye kumurongo winjiza ukurikije ibyasohotse byifuzwa.
Niba turebye ku rupapuro rwibicuruzwa, dushobora kubona imbonerahamwe aho vertical axe ari yo isohoka (icyegeranyo cyegeranye) naho umurongo utambitse niwo winjiza voltage (ikusanya-emitter voltage).Ikusanyirizo ryikusanyirizo riratandukanye ukurikije urumuri rwa LED, koresha rero voltage ukurikije ibyasohotse byifuzwa.
Ariko, ushobora gutekereza ko ibisohoka bigezweho bibarwa hano ni bitangaje.Ngiyo agaciro kigezweho gashobora gukomeza gusohoka nyuma yo kuzirikana kwangirika kwa LED mugihe, ntabwo rero kiri munsi yikigereranyo kinini.
Ibinyuranye, hari aho usanga ibyasohotse bitari binini.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo optocoupler, menya neza kugenzura neza "ibisohoka" hanyuma uhitemo ibicuruzwa bihuye.
Current Ntarengwa
Umubare ntarengwa wogutwara nigiciro ntarengwa kigezweho optocoupler ishobora kwihanganira mugihe ikora.Na none, dukeneye kumenya neza ko tuzi umusaruro uva mumushinga ukeneye nicyo voltage yinjira mbere yuko tugura.Menya neza ko agaciro ntarengwa hamwe nubu ikoreshwa ntabwo ari imipaka, ariko ko hari intera.
Shiraho fotokopi neza
Tumaze guhitamo optocoupler ibereye, reka tuyikoreshe mumushinga nyawo.Kwiyubaka ubwabyo biroroshye, gusa uhuze ama terefone ahujwe na buri cyerekezo cyuruziga no gusohoka kuruhande.Ariko rero, hagomba kwitonderwa kutayobya uruhande rwinjiza nuruhande rusohoka.Kubwibyo, ugomba kandi kugenzura ibimenyetso biri mumeza yamakuru, kugirango utazabona ko ikirenge cyamafoto yibeshya nyuma yo gushushanya ikibaho cya PCB.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-29-2023