Igikoresho cyo gupima PIN (PIN photodetector) ni iki?

Ni ikiPIN ipima foto

Imashini ipima foto ni igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga gifasha cyaneigikoresho cyo gufotora cya semiconductorihindura urumuri mo amashanyarazi ikoresheje ingaruka z'amashanyarazi. Igice cyayo cy'ingenzi ni photodiode (PD photodetector). Ubwoko busanzwe bugizwe n'ihuriro rya PN, electrode leads zijyanye nabyo hamwe n'agasanduku k'umuyoboro. Ifite ubwikorezi bw'amashanyarazi bungana. Iyo hakoreshejwe voltage y'imbere, diode irakora; iyo hakoreshejwe voltage y'inyuma, diode iracika. PD photodetector isa na diode isanzwe ya semiconductor, uretse koPD ipima fotoIkora hifashishijwe ingufu z’amashanyarazi zisubira inyuma kandi ishobora gushyirwa ahagaragara. Ipfunyitse mu idirishya cyangwa mu buryo bwa fibre optique, bigatuma urumuri rugera ku gice cy’igikoresho gishobora kubona urumuri.

Hagati aho, igice gikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri PD photodetector si PN junction ahubwo ni PIN junction. Ugereranyije n'aho PN junction ihurira, PIN junction ifite urwego rwa I rwiyongereye hagati. Urwego rwa I ni urwego rwa semiconductor yo mu bwoko bwa N rufite doping concentration nkeya cyane. Kubera ko ari semiconductor hafi ya Intrinsic ifite concentration nkeya, rwitwa urwego rwa I. Urwego rwa I rurakomeye kandi hafi ya rwose rufata agace kose ko kugabanuka. Inyinshi muri fotoni z’impanuka zinjira mu urwego rwa I kandi zikora electron-hole pairs (abatwara fotografiya). Ku mpande zombi z’urwego rwa I hari semiconductor zo mu bwoko bwa P na N zifite doping concentration nyinshi cyane. Urwego rwa P na N ni ruto cyane, rufata igice gito cyane cya fotoni z’impanuka kandi rukora umubare muto w’abatwara fotografiya. Uru rwego rushobora kwihutisha cyane umuvuduko w’ingaruka z’amashanyarazi. Ariko, agace kanini cyane ko kugabanuka kazongera igihe cyo kugabanuka kw’abatwara fotografiya mu gace ko kugabanuka, ahubwo bigatera igisubizo gito. Kubwibyo, ubugari bw’agace ko kugabanuka bugomba gutoranywa mu buryo bukwiye. Umuvuduko wo gusubiza wa diode y'ihuriro ry'amakuru (PIN junction diode) ushobora guhinduka ugenzuye ubugari bw'agace kangiritse.

PIN photodetector ni icyuma gipima imirasire neza cyane gifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya ingufu no kuyimenya neza. Gishobora gupima neza ubwoko butandukanye bw'ingufu z'imirasire no kugera ku musaruro wihuse no kudahungabana cyane. Imikorere yaicyuma gipima fotoni uguhindura ibimenyetso bibiri by'urumuri nyuma y'umuvuduko w'ijwi mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi, gukuraho urusaku rw'inyongera rw'urumuri rwa oscillator rwo mu gace, kongera ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko wo hagati, no kunoza igipimo cy'urusaku hagati y'ijwi n'urusaku. Utwuma dupima PIN dufite imiterere yoroshye, byoroshye gukoresha, ubushobozi bwo kumva neza, kwiyongera cyane, umuvuduko wo hejuru, urusaku ruto, n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi. Bishobora gukora neza ahantu hatandukanye habi kandi ahanini bikoreshwa mu gupima ikimenyetso cya lidar.