Igikoresho cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi gikoresha amashanyarazi (electro-optic modulator) ni iki? Igice cya mbere

Igikoresho cy'urumuri rw'amajwi ni urukurikirane rw'ibice by'urumuri rw'amajwi biri ku murongo umwe, bishobora gukorwa na lasers zifunze neza, resonators, cyangwamodulators z'amashanyarazi n'amataraIbikoresho by'amajwi bikozwe namodulators za electro-optiquebifite imiterere yo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi, gukamura imbere mu byuma n'imbaraga nyinshi, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mu gupima ibikoresho, gupima spectroscopy, cyangwa fiziki y'ibanze, kandi byakuruye amatsiko y'abashakashatsi benshi mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Vuba aha, Alexandre Parriaux n'abandi bo muri Kaminuza ya Burgendi mu Bufaransa basohoye inyandiko y'isuzuma mu kinyamakuru Advances in Optics and Photonics, bagaragaza ku buryo burambuye iterambere rigezweho ry'ubushakashatsi n'ikoreshwa ry'amakuru agezweho yakozwe namodulation y'amashanyarazi n'amatara: Irimo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukurura amajwi, uburyo n'imiterere y'amajwi akurura amajwi akorwa namodulator y'amashanyarazi n'amatara, kandi amaherezo igaragaza ikoreshwa ryamodulator y'amashanyarazi n'amataraUburyo bwo gupima frequency ya optique burambuye, harimo gukoresha spectrum isobanutse neza, uburyo bwo gupima double optique comb interference, uburyo bwo gupima ibyuma no gukora waveform nta shingiro, kandi bunavuga ku ihame riri inyuma y’ikoreshwa ritandukanye. Amaherezo, umwanditsi atanga amahirwe yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya electro-optic modulator optique frequency comb.

01 Amashusho

Mu myaka 60 ishize muri uku kwezi, Dr. Maiman yavumbuye laser ya mbere ya rubi. Nyuma y'imyaka ine, Hargrove, Fock na Pollack bo muri Bell Laboratories muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni bo ba mbere batangaje uburyo uburyo bwo gufunga imikorere bwagezweho muri laser za helium-neon, uburyo bwa laser bufunga imikorere mu gice cy'igihe bugaragazwa nk'ingufu z'amajwi, mu gice cy'amajwi hari urukurikirane rw'imirongo migufi kandi ingana, isa cyane n'ikoreshwa ryacu rya buri munsi ry'amajwi, bityo iyi spectrum tuyita "ingufu z'amajwi". Bizwi nka "ingufu z'amajwi".

Kubera ko hari amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha imashini zikora optique, igihembo cya Nobel muri fiziki cyahawe Hansch na Hall, bakoze akazi ka mbere mu ikoranabuhanga rya optique, kuva icyo gihe, iterambere rya optique comb rigeze ku ntera nshya. Kubera ko porogaramu zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku mashini zikora optique, nk'ingufu, intera iri hagati y'umurongo n'uburebure bw'umurambararo, ibi byatumye hakenerwa uburyo butandukanye bwo kugerageza kugira ngo hakorwe imashini zikora optique, nka lazeri zifunganye, micro-resonators na electro-optical modulator.

ISHUSHO YA 1: Ingano y'igihe n'ingano y'ingano y'impande z'urusobe rw'amajwi
Ifoto ikomokaho: Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi

Kuva aho havumburiwe uburyo bwo gupima ingano y'amashanyarazi, inyinshi mu buryo bwo gupima ingano y'amashanyarazi zakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ingano y'amashanyarazi. Muri uburyo bwo gupima ingano y'amashanyarazi, hari umwobo ufite igihe cyo gusubira inyuma cya τ ukoreshwa mu gukosora isano iri hagati y'uburyo bwo gupima ingano y'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwo gusubiramo ingano y'amashanyarazi ya τ, muri rusange ushobora kuva kuri megahertz (MHz) kugeza kuri gigahertz (GHz).

Igishishwa cy'urumuri rw'amajwi gikorwa na micro-resonator gishingiye ku ngaruka zitari umurongo, kandi igihe cyo kugaruka kigenwa n'uburebure bw'urumuri rw'amajwi, kuko uburebure bw'urumuri rw'amajwi muri rusange buri munsi ya mm 1, urumuri rw'amajwi rukorwa na micro-cavity muri rusange ni gigahertz 10 kuri terahertz 1. Hari ubwoko butatu busanzwe bwa microcavities, microtubules, microspheres na microrings. Hakoreshejwe ingaruka zitari umurongo mu migozi y'amajwi, nka Brillouin scattering cyangwa four-wave mixing, hamwe na microcavities, urumuri rw'amajwi mu ntera ya nanometers mirongo rushobora gukorwa. Byongeye kandi, urumuri rw'amajwi rushobora kandi gukorwa hakoreshejwe modulators zimwe na zimwe za acousto-optic.