Niki amashanyarazi ya optique ya optique ya optique yumurongo? Igice cya mbere

Amashanyarazi ya optique ni spran igizwe nurukurikirane rw'ibice bingana bingana kuri spran, bishobora kubyara uburyo bwafunzwe na lazeri, resonator, cyangwaamashanyarazi ya optique. Amashanyarazi meza ya optique yakozwe naamashanyarazi ya electro-optiquezifite ibiranga inshuro nyinshi zisubiramo, guhuza imbere nimbaraga nyinshi, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane muguhindura ibikoresho, spekitroscopi, cyangwa fiziki yibanze, kandi byashishikaje abashakashatsi benshi mumyaka yashize.

Vuba aha, Alexandre Parriaux n'abandi bo muri kaminuza ya Burgendi mu Bufaransa basohoye impapuro zisubiramo mu kinyamakuru Advances in Optics na Photonics, berekana gahunda iheruka gukorwa mu bushakashatsi no gukoresha ibimamara bya optique byakozwe naamashanyarazi ya optique: Harimo kumenyekanisha ibimashini bya optique, uburyo nibiranga ibimamara bya optique byakozwe naamashanyarazi ya optique, na Amaherezo Kubara Porogaramu yaamashanyarazi ya optiqueoptique ya optique ikomatanya muburyo burambuye, harimo no gushyira mubikorwa neza, guhuza ibice bibiri bya optique, guhuza ibikoresho hamwe no kubyara ibyuka uko bishakiye, kandi ikaganira ku ihame riri inyuma yimikorere itandukanye. Hanyuma, umwanditsi atanga ibyiringiro bya electro-optique modulator optique yumurongo wa tekinoroji.

01 Amavu n'amavuko

Mu myaka 60 ishize muri uku kwezi, Dr. Maiman yahimbye laser ya mbere. Nyuma yimyaka ine, Hargrove, Fock na Pollack ya Laboratoire ya Bell muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ni bo babaye aba mbere mu gutanga raporo yerekana uburyo bwo gufunga ibintu byagezweho muri lazeri ya helium-neon, uburyo bwo gufunga uburyo bwa lazeri mu gihe cyagenwe bugereranywa n’ibyuka bihumanya, muri domaine ya frequence ni urukurikirane rw'imirongo migufi itandukanye kandi iringaniye, bisa cyane no gukoresha buri munsi ibimamara, bityo rero twita iyi spekiteri "optique yumurongo wa optique". Bivugwa nka "optic frequency comb".

Kubera uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibimamara bya optique, igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki muri 2005 cyahawe Hansch na Hall, bakoze umurimo w'ubupayiniya ku ikoranabuhanga rya optique, kuva icyo gihe, iterambere ry'ikimamara cya optique rigeze ku ntera nshya. Kuberako porogaramu zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kuri optique ya optique, nkimbaraga, intera yumurongo hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo wo hagati, ibi byatumye hakenerwa uburyo butandukanye bwubushakashatsi kugirango habeho ibimamara bya optique, nka laseri zifunze uburyo, micro-resonator na electro-optique modulator.

FIG. 1 Umwanya wa domeni ya spécran hamwe na domaine yumurongo wa optique yumurongo wa optique
Inkomoko yishusho: Amashanyarazi ya optique

Kuva havumbuwe optique yumurongo wa optique, ibyinshi bya optique yumurongo byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwafunzwe. Muburyo bufunze laseri, cavit hamwe nigihe cyurugendo-rugendo rwa τ ikoreshwa mugukosora umubano wicyiciro hagati yuburyo burebure, kugirango tumenye igipimo cyo gusubiramo lazeri, gishobora kuva muri megahertz (MHz) kugeza gigahertz ( GHz).

Amashanyarazi ya optique yakozwe na micro-resonator ashingiye ku ngaruka zidafite umurongo, kandi igihe cyo kuzenguruka ingendo kigenwa n'uburebure bwa micro-cavity, kubera ko uburebure bwa micro-cavity muri rusange buri munsi ya 1mm, inshuro ya optique ibimamara byakozwe na micro-cavity muri rusange ni gigahertz 10 kugeza kuri terahertz. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwa microcavities, microtubules, microsperes na microrings. Gukoresha ingaruka zidafite umurongo muri fibre optique, nka Brillouin ikwirakwiza cyangwa kuvanga imiraba ine, ivanze na microcavities, ibimamara bya optique mumashanyarazi ya nanometero icumi. Mubyongeyeho, ibimamara bya optique birashobora kandi kubyara ukoresheje moderi zimwe na zimwe za acousto-optique.