Ikoranabuhanga rya optike rihuriweho ni iki?

Igitekerezo cya optike integrated cyatanzwe na Dr. Miller wo muri Bell Laboratories mu 1969. Optike integrated ni isomo rishya ryiga kandi rigateza imbere ibikoresho by'urumuri n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya hybrid optike hakoreshejwe uburyo buhuriweho hashingiwe kuri optoelectronics na microelectronics. Ishingiro ry'inyigisho za optike integrated ni optike na optoelectronics, zirimo optike y'umuraba n'amakuru, optike idafata umurongo umwe, optike ya semiconductor, optike ya crystal, optike ya thin film, optike y'umuraba iyobowe, uburyo buhuriweho n'inyigisho y'imikoranire ya parametric, ibikoresho na sisitemu za optike ya thin film. Ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga ahanini ni ikoranabuhanga rya thin film n'ikoranabuhanga rya microelectronics. Urwego rw'ikoreshwa rya optike integrated ni rugari cyane, uretse itumanaho rya fibre optique, ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya fibre optique, gutunganya amakuru ya optike, mudasobwa optike n'ububiko bwa optike, hari n'izindi nzego, nko ubushakashatsi ku bumenyi bw'ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya optike, ubushakashatsi bwa spectral.

Ubwa mbere, inyungu z'amatara zihujwe

1. Kugereranya na sisitemu z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitandukanye

Igikoresho cy’urumuri gikozwe mu buryo bwa "Discrete optique" ni ubwoko bw’igikoresho cy’urumuri gishyizwe ku rukuta runini cyangwa ku gice cy’urumuri kugira ngo kibe sisitemu y’urumuri. Ingano y’iyi sisitemu ni 1m2, kandi ubugari bw’umuraba ni cm 1. Uretse ingano yayo nini, guteranya no kuyihindura nabyo biragoye. Sisitemu y’urumuri ihujwe ifite ibyiza bikurikira:

1. Imiraba y'urumuri ikwirakwira mu mashusho y'urumuri, kandi imiraba y'urumuri yoroshye kuyigenzura no kuyibungabunga.

2. Guhuza ibintu bizana imiterere ihamye. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, optique integrated yiteze gukora ibikoresho byinshi kuri substrate imwe, bityo nta kibazo cyo guteranya optique zitandukanye zifite, bityo uruhurirane rushobora kuba ruhamye, bityo rukaba rushobora no kwihutisha ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije nko guhindagura no gushyuha.

(3) Ingano y'igikoresho n'uburebure bw'imikorere bigufi; Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifitanye isano nabyo bikora ku muvuduko muto.

4. Ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi. Urumuri rwoherezwa ku murongo w'ingufu rushyirwa ahantu hato, bigatuma habaho ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi z'urumuri, byoroshye kugera ku ngano zikenewe z'igikoresho kandi bigakorana n'ingaruka zidasanzwe z'urumuri.

5. Ibyuma bihuza optique muri rusange bihuzwa ku gipimo cya santimetero, gifite ingano nto kandi gifite uburemere bworoheje.

2. Kugereranya n'imiyoboro ihuriweho

Ibyiza byo guhuza urumuri bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri, kimwe ni ugusimbuza sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga ihuriweho (urusobe rw'amashanyarazi) na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ihuriweho (urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruhuriweho); Ikindi ni isano na fibre y'amashanyarazi n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruyobora urumuri aho kuyobora insinga cyangwa insinga ya coaxial kugira ngo yohereze ikimenyetso.

Mu nzira y’urumuri ihujwe, ibintu by’urumuri biba ku gice cy’urumuri gikozwe mu buryo bwa wafer kandi bigahuzwa n’imiyoboro y’urumuri ihujwe imbere cyangwa hejuru y’igice cy’urumuri. Inzira y’urumuri ihujwe, ihuzwa n’ibintu by’urumuri ku gice cy’urumuri kimwe mu buryo bwa firime nto, ni uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo gutonda kwa sisitemu y’urumuri ya mbere no kunoza imikorere muri rusange. Igikoresho gihujwe gifite ibyiza byo kuba gito, imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe, imikorere myiza cyane, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nke no koroshya ikoreshwa.

Muri rusange, ibyiza byo gusimbuza imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki ivanze n’imiyoboro ya optique irimo kwiyongera k’umuyoboro wa bandwidth, gutandukanya uburebure bw’umurambararo, guhinduranya imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki, gutakaza uburebure buto, ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje, gukoresha ingufu nke, gutegura neza imiyoboro, no kwizera cyane. Bitewe n’imikoranire itandukanye hagati y’urumuri n’ibintu, imikorere mishya y’ibikoresho ishobora kandi kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ingaruka zitandukanye z’umubiri nko gukora amashanyarazi, ingaruka za elegitoroniki, ingaruka za acousto-optical, ingaruka za magneto-optical, ingaruka za thermo-optical n’ibindi mu miterere y’inzira ya optique ivanze.

2. Ubushakashatsi n'ikoreshwa rya optique integrated

Ikoranabuhanga rya Integrated Optics rikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu nganda, mu gisirikare no mu bukungu, ariko ahanini rikoreshwa mu ngingo zikurikira:

1. Itumanaho n'imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga

Ibikoresho bihuza amajwi n'amashusho ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gukora imiyoboro y'itumanaho ryihuse kandi rinini, harimo isoko ya laser ihuza amajwi n'amashusho yihuta, multiplexer ya waveguide grating array dense wavelength division, narrowband response integrated photodetector, routing wavelength converter, fast response optical switching matrix, low loss multiple access waveguide beam splitter n'ibindi.

2. Mudasobwa ifotonika

Icyo bita mudasobwa ifite fotoni ni mudasobwa ikoresha urumuri nk'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru. Fotoni ni bosons, zitagira umuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi urumuri rushobora kunyuranaho cyangwa ngo rugire aho ruhurira, rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru neza. Mudasobwa ifite fotonike kandi ifite ibyiza byo kubika amakuru menshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka, ibisabwa bike mu bidukikije, no kwihanganira amakosa cyane. Ibice by'ibanze by'imikorere ya mudasobwa ifite fotonike ni swichi z'amajwi zivanze n'ibice by'amajwi bivanze.

3. Izindi porogaramu, nka poroseseri y'amakuru akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga, sensor ya fiber optique, sensor ya fiber grating, fiber optique gyroscope, n'ibindi.