Microwave optoelectronics, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni ihuriro rya microwave naoptoelectronics.Microwave hamwe numucyo wumucyo ni electromagnetic waves, kandi numurongo ni ordre nyinshi zubunini butandukanye, kandi ibice na tekinoroji byateye imbere mubice byabo biratandukanye cyane.Hamwe na hamwe, turashobora kwungukirana, ariko turashobora kubona porogaramu nshya nibiranga bigoye kubimenya.
Itumanaho ryizani urugero rwibanze rwo guhuza microwave na fotoelectron.Itumanaho rya terefone na telegraph hakiri kare itumanaho, ibisekuruza, gukwirakwiza no kwakira ibimenyetso, byose byakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya microwave.Umuyoboro muke wa electromagnetic wumurongo ukoreshwa muburyo bwambere kuko intera yumurongo ni nto kandi ubushobozi bwumuyoboro wohereza ni buto.Igisubizo nukwongera inshuro yikimenyetso cyatanzwe, niko inshuro nyinshi, ibikoresho byinshi.Ariko ibimenyetso byumuvuduko mwinshi mugukwirakwiza ikirere ni binini, ariko kandi biroroshye guhagarikwa nimbogamizi.Niba insinga ikoreshwa, gutakaza umugozi ni munini, kandi kohereza intera ndende nikibazo.Kugaragara kwa optique fibre itumanaho nigisubizo cyiza kuri ibyo bibazo.Fibre optiqueifite igihombo gito cyane kandi nikintu cyiza cyo kohereza ibimenyetso kure.Ikirangantego cyurumuri rwumucyo ni kinini cyane kuruta icya microwave kandi gishobora kohereza imiyoboro myinshi icyarimwe.Kubera izo nyungu zaihererekanyabubasha, optique ya fibre itumanaho yabaye inkingi yamakuru yohereza amakuru uyumunsi.
Itumanaho ryiza rifite amateka maremare, ubushakashatsi no kubishyira mu bikorwa ni byinshi kandi birakuze, hano ntabwo bivuze byinshi.Uru rupapuro rwerekana ahanini ubushakashatsi bushya bwa microwave optoelectronics mumyaka yashize usibye itumanaho ryiza.Microwave optoelectronics ikoresha cyane cyane tekinoroji nubuhanga mubijyanye na optoelectronics nkuwitwaye kugirango atezimbere kandi agere kumikorere no kuyikoresha bigoye kugerwaho hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki gakondo.Urebye kubishyira mu bikorwa, bikubiyemo ahanini ibintu bitatu bikurikira.
Iya mbere ni ugukoresha optoelectronics kugirango itange umusaruro-mwinshi, amajwi make ya microwave yerekana amajwi, kuva X-band kugeza kuri THz band.
Icya kabiri, gutunganya ibimenyetso bya microwave.Harimo gutinda, gushungura, guhindura inshuro, kwakira nibindi.
Icya gatatu, ihererekanyabubasha ryibimenyetso.
Muri iyi ngingo, umwanditsi yerekana gusa igice cya mbere, ibisekuruza bya microwave.Imirasire ya microwave gakondo ya milimetero ahanini itangwa na iii_V microelectronic.Imipaka yayo ifite ingingo zikurikira: Icya mbere, kuri frequency nyinshi nka 100GHz hejuru, microelectronics gakondo irashobora gutanga ingufu nke kandi nkeya, kubimenyetso byinshi bya THz signal, ntacyo bashobora gukora.Icya kabiri, kugirango ugabanye urusaku rwicyiciro no kunoza ituze ryumurongo, igikoresho cyambere gikeneye gushyirwa mubushyuhe buke cyane.Icya gatatu, biragoye kugera kumurongo mugari wa modulisiyo yo guhinduranya inshuro.Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, tekinoroji ya optoelectronic irashobora kugira uruhare.Uburyo nyamukuru bwasobanuwe hano hepfo.
1. Binyuze mu gutandukanya itandukaniro ryibimenyetso bibiri bitandukanye bya lazeri, fotodetekeri yumurongo mwinshi ikoreshwa muguhindura ibimenyetso bya microwave, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.
Igishushanyo 1. Igishushanyo mbonera cya microwave cyatewe no gutandukanya inshuro ebyirilaseri.
Ibyiza byubu buryo nuburyo bworoshye, burashobora kubyara umuvuduko mwinshi cyane wa milimetero ndetse na THz yumurongo wa THz, kandi muguhindura inshuro ya laser irashobora gukora intera nini yo kwihuta kwihuta, guhanagura inshuro.Ikibi ni uko umurongo wa linewidth cyangwa urusaku rwibice byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana itandukanyirizo ryakozwe nibimenyetso bibiri bidafite aho bihuriye ni binini cyane, kandi guhagarara kwinshi ntabwo ari hejuru, cyane cyane niba laser ya semiconductor ifite ubunini buke ariko umurongo munini (~ MHz) ni Byakoreshejwe.Niba sisitemu yuburemere bwibisabwa bitari hejuru, urashobora gukoresha urusaku ruke (~ kHz) rukomeye-rukomeye,laseri, umwobo wo hanzeicyuma gikoresha.
2. Kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyuko lazeri ebyiri muburyo bwabanje zidahuye kandi urusaku rwibimenyetso byerekana urusaku rwabaye runini cyane, ubufatanye hagati ya lazeri zombi burashobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga inshinge inshuro zifunga cyangwa icyiciro kibi cyo gutanga ibitekerezo. gufunga uruziga.Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana uburyo busanzwe bwo gufunga inshinge kugirango habeho kugwiza microwave (Ishusho 2).Mugushira muburyo butaziguye ibimenyetso byumuvuduko mwinshi muri lazeri ya semiconductor, cyangwa ukoresheje moderi ya LinBO3 yicyiciro, ibimenyetso byinshi bya optique yumurongo utandukanye hamwe nintera zingana birashobora kubyara, cyangwa ibimamara bya optique.Birumvikana, uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubona ibintu byinshi bya optique ya optique yumurongo ni ugukoresha uburyo bwafunze laser.Ibimenyetso bibiri byikimamara muburyo bwa optique yumurongo wa optique byatoranijwe mukuyungurura no guterwa muri laser 1 na 2 kugirango bamenye inshuro hamwe no gufunga icyiciro.Kuberako icyiciro kiri hagati yikimenyetso kinyuranyo cyibikoresho bya optique yumurongo uhagaze neza, kuburyo icyiciro ugereranije hagati ya laseri zombi gihamye, hanyuma nuburyo bwo gutandukanya inshuro nkuko byasobanuwe mbere, ibimenyetso byinshi bya microwave ya signal ya optique yumurongo wo gusubiramo igipimo gishobora kuboneka.
Igishushanyo 2. Igishushanyo mbonera cya microwave inshuro ebyiri ibimenyetso byatewe no gufunga inshinge.
Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya urusaku rwicyiciro cya lazeri zombi ni ugukoresha ibitekerezo bibi optique ya PLL, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.
Igishushanyo 3. Igishushanyo mbonera cya OPL.
Ihame rya optique ya PLL isa niya PLL mubijyanye na electronics.Itandukaniro ryicyiciro cya lazeri zombi rihindurwa mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi na fotodetekeri (bihwanye na feri ya feri), hanyuma itandukaniro ryicyiciro hagati ya lazeri zombi kiboneka mugukora itandukaniro hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bya microwave, byongerewe imbaraga. hanyuma uyungurure hanyuma ugaburirwa gusubira murwego rwo kugenzura inshuro imwe ya lazeri (kuri lazeri ya semiconductor, ni inshinge zitera).Binyuze muri ubwo buryo bubi bwo kugenzura ibitekerezo, icyiciro kigereranijwe hagati yibimenyetso byombi bya laser bifunze kubimenyetso bya microwave.Ikimenyetso cya optique cyahujwe noneho gishobora koherezwa binyuze muri fibre optique kuri fotodetekeri ahandi hanyuma igahinduka ikimenyetso cya microwave.Urusaku rwibice bivamo ibimenyetso bya microwave birasa nkibya bimenyetso byerekanwe mumurongo mugari wa feri-ifunze ibitekerezo bibi.Urusaku rwicyiciro hanze yumurongo uringaniye nurusaku rwicyiciro cya feri yumwimerere ibiri idafitanye isano.
Mubyongeyeho, inkomoko yerekana ibimenyetso bya microwave irashobora kandi guhindurwa nandi masoko yerekana ibimenyetso binyuze mukuba inshuro ebyiri, kugabana inshuro nyinshi, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya inshuro nyinshi, kugirango ibimenyetso bya microwave yo hasi bishobora gukuba inshuro nyinshi, cyangwa bigahinduka ibimenyetso byinshi bya RF, THz.
Ugereranije no gufunga inshinge zifunga zishobora gusa gukuba inshuro ebyiri, icyiciro-gifunze imirongo iroroshye guhinduka, irashobora kubyara inshuro nyinshi uko bishakiye, kandi birumvikana ko bigoye.Kurugero, optique ya franse ya optique yakozwe na moderi ya foto ya elegitoronike ku gishushanyo cya 2 ikoreshwa nkisoko yumucyo, naho optique ya feri ifunze ikoreshwa muguhitamo gufunga inshuro ebyiri za laseri kubimenyetso bibiri bya optique, hanyuma bikabyara ibimenyetso byihuta cyane binyuze mumurongo utandukanye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4. f1 na f2 ni ibimenyetso byerekana inshuro ebyiri za PLLS, kandi ikimenyetso cya microwave ya N * frep + f1 + f2 gishobora kubyara umusaruro utandukanye hagati ya laseri ebyiri.
Igishushanyo 4. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kubyara imirongo uko bishakiye ukoresheje ibimamara bya optique hamwe na PLLS.
3. Koresha uburyo bwafunzwe na laser kugirango uhindure ibimenyetso bya optique mubimenyetso bya microwave unyuzegufotora.
Inyungu nyamukuru yubu buryo nuko ikimenyetso gifite ituze ryiza cyane kandi urusaku rwo hasi cyane rushobora kuboneka.Mugufunga inshuro ya lazeri kumurongo uhamye wa atome na molekuline ihindagurika, cyangwa umwobo uhamye cyane, hamwe no gukoresha kwikuba inshuro ebyiri kurandura sisitemu yo guhinduranya hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, turashobora kubona ibimenyetso bihamye bya optique ya pulse hamwe na inshuro nyinshi zisubiramo inshuro nyinshi, kugirango ubone ikimenyetso cya microwave hamwe nurusaku ruke cyane.Igicapo 5.
Igicapo 5. Kugereranya urusaku rwicyiciro cyurusaku rwamasoko atandukanye.
Ariko, kubera ko igipimo cyo gusubiramo impiswi gihwanye neza nuburebure bwa cavitire ya laser, kandi uburyo bwa gakondo bufunze lazeri nini, biragoye kubona ibimenyetso bya microwave byihuta cyane.Byongeye kandi, ingano, uburemere ningufu zikoreshwa na lazeri gakondo, kimwe nibisabwa bidukikije, bigabanya cyane cyane laboratoire.Kugira ngo dutsinde izo ngorane, ubushakashatsi buherutse gutangira muri Amerika no mu Budage hakoreshejwe ingaruka zidafite umurongo kugira ngo habeho ibimashini bita optique biva mu mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato.
4. opto ya elegitoroniki oscillator, Igishusho 6.
Igicapo 6. Igishushanyo mbonera cya fotoelectric ihujwe na oscillator.
Bumwe mu buryo bwa gakondo bwo kubyara microwave cyangwa laseri ni ugukoresha ibitekerezo-byafunzwe byiziritse, mugihe cyose inyungu mumuzinga ufunze iruta igihombo, ihungabana ryonyine rishobora kubyara microwave cyangwa lazeri.Kurwego rwohejuru ibintu byiza Q byafunzwe, niko ibyiciro byerekana ibimenyetso cyangwa urusaku rwinshi.Kugirango twongere ubuziranenge bwibintu, inzira itaziguye ni ukongera uburebure bwumuzingo no kugabanya igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza.Nyamara, umuzingo muremure urashobora gushigikira ibisekuruza byuburyo bwinshi bwo kunyeganyega, kandi niba hongeweho umurongo mugari-mugari wa filteri, ikimenyetso kimwe-cy-urusaku ruke-rusaku rwa microwave ihindagurika irashobora kuboneka.Fotoelectric ihujwe na oscillator ni isoko ya signal ya microwave ishingiye kuri iki gitekerezo, ikoresha byimazeyo ibimenyetso bya fibre nkeya yo gutakaza, ikoresheje fibre ndende kugirango izamure agaciro ka Q, irashobora gutanga ikimenyetso cya microwave hamwe n urusaku ruke cyane.Kuva ubwo buryo bwatangwaga mu myaka ya za 90, ubu bwoko bwa oscillator bwakiriye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse niterambere ryinshi, kandi kuri ubu hariho ifoto yubucuruzi ifatanyirizwa hamwe.Vuba aha, oscillator ya fotoelectric ifite imirongo ishobora guhindurwa murwego runini byateguwe.Ikibazo nyamukuru cyamasoko ya signal ya microwave ashingiye kuri ubu bwubatsi ni uko ikizunguruka ari kirekire, kandi urusaku rugenda rwisanzuye (FSR) hamwe ninshuro ebyiri ziziyongera cyane.Mubyongeyeho, ibice bifotora bikoreshwa ni byinshi, igiciro ni kinini, ingano iragoye kugabanya, kandi fibre ndende irumva neza guhungabanya ibidukikije.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru bitangiza muri make uburyo butandukanye bwamafoto ya elegitoronike yerekana ibimenyetso bya microwave, kimwe nibyiza nibibi.Hanyuma, gukoresha amafoto ya elegitoronike kugirango ubyare microwave bifite akandi karusho nuko ibimenyetso bya optique bishobora gukwirakwizwa binyuze muri fibre optique hamwe nigihombo gito cyane, kohereza intera ndende kuri buri gukoresha terminal hanyuma bigahinduka ibimenyetso bya microwave, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurwanya amashanyarazi. kwivanga byateye imbere cyane kuruta ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Iyandikwa ryiyi ngingo ahanini ni iyerekanwe, kandi ihujwe nubunararibonye bwubushakashatsi bwumwanditsi hamwe nuburambe muri uru rwego, hariho ibitagenda neza kandi bituzuye, nyamuneka ubyumve.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-03-2024